新型氮肥对玉米根际土壤固氮微生物群落的影响

董思奇; 周彤; 张冰; 冯国忠; 周雪; 高强

文章摘要

董思奇,周彤,张冰,冯国忠,周雪,高强.新型氮肥对玉米根际土壤固氮微生物群落的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2024,43(2):360-367.

新型氮肥对玉米根际土壤固氮微生物群落的影响

Effects of novel nitrogen fertilizers application on the community composition of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms in maize rhizosphere soils

投稿时间：2023-04-04

DOI：10.11654/jaes.2023-0251

中文关键词: 新型氮肥玉米根际土壤固氮微生物nifH基因群落结构

英文关键词: novel fertilizer maize rhizosphere soil nitrogen-fixing microorganism nifH gene community structure

基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2022YFD1500703）

作者	单位	E-mail
董思奇	吉林农业大学资源与环境学院, 长春 130118 吉林省商品粮基地土壤资源可持续利用重点实验室, 长春 130118
周彤	吉林农业大学资源与环境学院, 长春 130118 吉林省商品粮基地土壤资源可持续利用重点实验室, 长春 130118
张冰	吉林农业大学资源与环境学院, 长春 130118 吉林省商品粮基地土壤资源可持续利用重点实验室, 长春 130118
冯国忠	吉林农业大学资源与环境学院, 长春 130118 吉林省商品粮基地土壤资源可持续利用重点实验室, 长春 130118
周雪	吉林农业大学资源与环境学院, 长春 130118 吉林省商品粮基地土壤资源可持续利用重点实验室, 长春 130118	zhouxue_jlau@163.com
高强	吉林农业大学资源与环境学院, 长春 130118 吉林省商品粮基地土壤资源可持续利用重点实验室, 长春 130118

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中文摘要:

为探究长期施用新型氮肥对玉米连作体系根际土壤固氮微生物（nifH基因）群落的影响，采集长期定位试验（2014年始）玉米吐丝期根际土壤样品，以不施氮肥（N0）为对照，分析同常规尿素（CU）相比，3种新型氮肥[控释尿素（SU）、稳定性肥料（SF）、硫包衣尿素（SCU）]的施用对土壤固氮微生物群落的影响差异。结果表明：不施氮肥处理的固氮微生物nifH基因丰度高于施氮肥处理，不同氮肥处理中，稳定性肥料处理的固氮微生物nifH基因丰度（3.4×10⁶ copies·g^-1）显著低于其他处理，pH（相对影响值为44.51%）和有机质（相对影响值为35.01%）是影响固氮微生物nifH基因丰度的主要因素。与不施氮肥相比，氮肥施用降低了固氮微生物nifH基因的丰富度及多样性，与常规尿素处理相比，新型氮肥提高了nifH基因的丰富度指数但降低了多样性指数。固氮微生物nifH基因属水平主导物种为Desulfovibrio（相对丰度为14.11%~33.39%）、Stenotrophomonas（相对丰度为2.66%~17.72%）和Bradyrhizobium （相对丰度为2.68%~6.32%）。是否施氮对土壤固氮微生物群落结构的变化有显著影响（P=0.001），但施用不同新型氮肥处理与常规尿素相比对群落结构变化无显著影响（P=0.1）。研究表明，施用新型氮肥提高了固氮微生物nifH基因丰富度，改变了固氮微生物的群落结构。

英文摘要:

In order to explore the effects of novel nitrogen fertilizers application on the community composition of soil nitrogen-fixing microorganisms, soil samples from long-term maize continuous cropping systems were collected from the rhizosphere of mature maize throughout a long-term localization experiment（starting in 2014）. The differences in nitrogen-fixing microbial nifH gene – expressing communities were evaluated in three groups treated with three novel nitrogen fertilizers： controlled-release urea（SU）, stable fertilizer（SF）, and sulfur-coated urea（SCU）; these treatment strategies were compared with conventional urea（CU）and analyzed using no nitrogen fertilizer（N0）as a control. The results demonstrated that the abundance of nifH gene–expressing in the N0 treatment group was higher than that in the treatment groups with nitrogen fertilizers. Overall, nifH gene abundance was significantly lower in the SF treatment group（3.4×10⁶ copies·g^-1）than that in the other groups. The pH（relative influence： 44.51%）and organic matter（relative influence： 35.01%）were the main factors that affected nifH gene abundance. Nitrogen fertilization reduced the richness and diversity of nitrogen-fixing nifH-expressing microorganisms compared to those observed in the N0 treatment group; additionally, the novel nitrogen fertilizers increased the richness index but decreased the diversity index compared to the CU treatment. The dominant nitrogen-fixing nifH-expressing microbial genera were determined to be Desulfovibrio（relative abundance： 14.11%–33.39%）, Stenotrophomonas（relative abundance： 2.66%–17.72%）, and Bradyrhizobium（relative abundance： 2.68%–6.32%）. Nitrogen fertilizer application had a significant impact on the community structure （i>P=0.001）; however, the impact of novel nitrogen fertilizer treatments on community structure was not significantly different to that of conventional urea treatment（P=0.1）. The effect of novel nitrogen fertilizer types on nifH gene diversity was higher than that of traditional nitrogen application; however, fewer changes in nifH gene structure were observed in the novel nitrogen fertilizer groups than that in the traditional nitrogen application group. Our results indicate that the application of novel nitrogen fertilizers increases the nifH gene pool in nitrogen-fixing microorganisms, alters community structure, and provides a new theoretical direction for the use of novel nitrogen fertilizers in agricultural ecosystems.

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