| 刘奇,王晟,陈文,刘志宗,赵炫越,包立,张乃明.典型有色金属冶炼区重金属污染特征及生态风险评价[J].农业环境科学学报,2024,43(2):308-322. |
| 典型有色金属冶炼区重金属污染特征及生态风险评价 |
| Pollution characteristics and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in typical non-ferrous metal smelting areas |
| 投稿时间：2023-03-08 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2023-0169 |
| 中文关键词: 矿区 重金属 污染评价 生态风险 源解析 |
| 英文关键词: mining area heavy metal pollution assessment ecological risk source analysis |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金联合基金项目（U2002210）；云南省重大科技专项（202002AE320005） |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 刘奇 | 云南农业大学资源与环境学院, 昆明 650201
云南省土壤培肥与污染修复工程研究中心, 昆明 650201 | | | 王晟 | 云南省土壤培肥与污染修复工程研究中心, 昆明 650201
云南农业大学植物保护学院, 昆明 650201 | | | 陈文 | 云南农业大学资源与环境学院, 昆明 650201
云南省土壤培肥与污染修复工程研究中心, 昆明 650201 | | | 刘志宗 | 云南农业大学资源与环境学院, 昆明 650201
云南省土壤培肥与污染修复工程研究中心, 昆明 650201 | | | 赵炫越 | 云南农业大学资源与环境学院, 昆明 650201
云南省土壤培肥与污染修复工程研究中心, 昆明 650201 | | | 包立 | 云南农业大学资源与环境学院, 昆明 650201
云南省土壤培肥与污染修复工程研究中心, 昆明 650201 | | | 张乃明 | 云南农业大学资源与环境学院, 昆明 650201
云南省土壤培肥与污染修复工程研究中心, 昆明 650201 | zhangnaiming@sina.com |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为分析我国典型有色金属冶炼区重金属污染特征，全面了解其潜在生态风险和重金属污染来源，以云南省会泽县者海镇典型有色金属冶炼区为例，通过野外实地采样和室内重金属含量检测分析，运用单因子污染指数法、内梅罗综合污染指数法、潜在生态风险指数法、水质指数评价法、相关性和主成分分析法，对土壤、河道底泥和河道水质中Cd、Hg、As、Pb、Cr、Cu、Ni和Zn 8种重金属元素进行污染特征和潜在生态风险评价，并解析其来源。结果表明：研究区土壤和底泥的内梅罗综合污染指数（PN）平均值分别为84.1和215.5，均处于重度污染水平，重金属综合潜在生态危害风险指数（RI）平均值分别为3 562.3和8 907.0，均处于极高风险水平。研究区土壤和底泥中所有重金属元素含量均存在超过云南省土壤背景值的情况，并显著高于国家农用地土壤污染风险筛选值。其中，Cd是污染最严重的元素，土壤和底泥中Cd含量分别是国家农用地土壤污染风险管制值的8.2倍和15.8倍，其对土壤和底泥的RI贡献率分别达到94.34%和96.78%，应重点关注。研究区河道水质等级处于良好至很差水平，分别有56.25%和6.25%的采样点水体中Ni和Zn超过Ⅲ类水限值，其他重金属元素均未超标。研究区土壤以及底泥中Cd、Hg、As、Pb、Cu和Zn主要来源于当地矿业污染，Cr和Ni主要来源于燃料燃烧。总体来看，研究区Cd污染严重，存在极高的潜在风险，应采取安全利用和修复等措施降低其风险水平。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To analyze the characteristics of heavy metal pollution in a typical non-ferrous metal smelting area in China and to comprehensively understand the potential ecological risk and sources of heavy metal pollution, a typical non-ferrous metal smelting area in Zhehai Town, Huize County, Yunnan Province, China, was used as an example of the single-factor pollution, nemero comprehensive pollution, potential ecological risk, and water quality indices evaluation methods. The contamination characteristics and potential ecological risks of eight heavy metals, Cd, Hg, As, Pb, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Zn, in soil, river sediment and river water quality sources were analyzed. The results revealed that the average values of the Nemero comprehensive pollution index（PN）of the soil and sediment in the study area were 84.1 and 215.5, respectively, which were both within the heavy pollution level. The average values of the heavy metal combined potential ecological hazard risk index（RI）were 3 562.3 and 8 907.0, respectively, which were both at a very high risk level. The contents of all heavy metal elements in the soil and substrate of the study area exceeded the background value of soil in Yunnan Province and was significantly higher than the national screening value for soil pollution risk in agricultural land. Among them, Cd was the most pollution-causing element, and the content of Cd in the soil and substrate was 8.2 times and 15.8 times the national soil pollution risk control value for agricultural land, respectively. Further, the RI contribution of Cd to soil and substrate reached 94.34% and 96.78%, respectively, which should be an area of focus. The water quality level of rivers in the study area were in the good to very poor level, and 56.25% and 6.25% of the sampling points of Ni and Zn in the water bodies exceeded the limited value of Class Ⅲ water, respectively, whereas other heavy metal elements did not exceed the standard. Cd, Hg, As, Pb, Cu, and Zn in soils and substrates of the study area mainly originated from local mining pollution, whereas Cr and Ni mainly originated from fuel combustion. In general, Cd pollution in the study area is serious and there is an extremely high potential risk; therefore, measures, such as safe utilization and remediation, should be taken to reduce the risk level. |
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