| 徐卓颖,续勇波,白采禾,雷宝坤.洱海流域长期不同施肥对菜田温室气体和氨挥发的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2024,43(1):214-225. |
| 洱海流域长期不同施肥对菜田温室气体和氨挥发的影响 |
| Effects of long-term fertilization on greenhouse gas and ammonia volatilization from vegetable fields in the Erhai watershed |
| 投稿时间：2023-04-06 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2023-0264 |
| 中文关键词: 长期定位菜田 施肥方式 温室气体 氨挥发 |
| 英文关键词: long-term positioning vegetable field fertilization method greenhouse gas ammonia volatilization |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（32160758，31960635）；云南省中青年学术和技术带头人后备人才项目（202005AC160043）；云南省重大科技计划项目（202102AE090011）；产业技术领军人才专项2019；云南省教育厅科学研究基金项目（2023Y0998） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为揭示洱海流域长期施肥下露地菜田温室气体（N2O、CH4、CO2）和土壤氨（NH3）挥发对不同施肥方式的响应趋势及影响因素，依托始于 2007年连续进行 15 a的长期定位试验，研究 5个施肥处理[不施任何肥料（CK）、有机肥（OM）、化肥和有机肥（NPK+OM）、增施氮肥（NPK+OM+N）、增施磷肥（NPK+OM+P）]的温室气体及氨挥发的特征。结果表明：长期定位15 a后，OM处理能显著增加菜田土壤全氮、有机质、有效磷含量。在等氮条件下，与OM处理相比，NPK+OM处理能显著增加菜田土壤NO3--N含量；NPK+OM+N 处理会使土壤 pH 显著降低，导致土壤酸化。NPK+OM+N 处理 pH 比 NPK+OM 处理显著降低 9.27%；OM 处理会导致土壤CO2和CH4排放量显著升高，在整个莴苣生育期内CO2和CH4的累积排放量分别为（22 489.29±1 562.91）kg·hm-2和（1.95±1.31）kg·hm-2；增施氮肥会导致N2O排放量显著升高，莴苣生育期内NPK+OM+N处理N2O累积排放量为（38.33±10.74）kg·hm-2；氨挥发主要发生在追肥后，各处理氨挥发量表现为 NPK+OM+P>NPK+OM+N>NPK+OM，且处理间存在显著差异。相较于 NPK+OM 处理，NPK+OM+P、NPK+OM+N处理使氨挥发显著增加245.7%、124.3%，说明增施氮肥和增施磷肥会显著增加土壤氨挥发；OM和NPK+OM+N处理会显著增加全球增温潜势和温室气体排放强度。OM处理产量达（3 183.81±293.88）kg·hm-2，该处理虽然能显著增加蔬菜产量，但造成的全球增温潜势和温室气体排放强度也是最大的。全氮、有机碳、pH是影响温室气体和氨挥发排放的关键影响因素。有机肥和化肥配施是本研究推荐的施肥方案，该方案既可以保证经济效益，还可以兼顾生态环境效益。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In this study, we sought to examine the trends and influencing factors of greenhouse gases（N2O, CH4, and CO2）and soil ammonia volatilization（NH3）in response to different fertilization modes an open vegetable field in the Erhai watershed under long-term fertilization. On the basis of a long-term positioning experiment conducted over 15 years, in 2007, we examined the characteristics of greenhouse gases and ammonia volatilization in response to the following five fertilization treatments：no fertilizer（CK）, organic fertilizer （OM）, chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer（NPK+OM）, increased nitrogen fertilizer（NPK+OM+N）, and increased phosphate fertilizer （NPK+OM+P）. After 15 years of long-term positioning, the OM treatment was found to promote a significant increase in the contents of total nitrogen, organic matter, and available phosphorus in the vegetable field. Under iso-nitrogen conditions, compared with the OM treatment, treatment NPK+OM contributed to a significant increase in the NO - 3-N content of vegetable field soil. The pH of the soil subjected to the NPK+OM+N treatment was significantly lower than that of the NPK+OM treatment by 9.27%. Long-term incremental application of nitrogen fertilizer will lead to a significant reduction of soil pH, which leads to soil acidification. Application of organic fertilizer alone resulted in significant increases in soil CO2 and CH4 emissions. The accumulative emission of CO2 and CH4 in the OM treatment was found to be significantly higher than that in other treatments, with an accumulative emissions of（22 489.29±1 562.91）kg·hm-2 and（1.95±1.31）kg·hm-2, respectively. Furthermore, N2O emissions were significantly increased by increasing the application of nitrogen fertilizer. The cumulative N2O emission of NPK+OM+N was（38.33±10.74）kg·hm-2, which was significantly higher than that recorded for other treatments. Ammonia volatilization is mainly concentrated after topdressing. In this regard, we detected significant differences among the assessed treatments, which could be ordered as follows：NPK+OM+P>NPK+OM+N>NPK+OM. Compared with the NPK+OM treatment, treatments NPK+OM+P and NPK+OM+N promoted significant increases in NH3 emission by 245.7% and 124.3%, respectively. Unbalanced fertilization methods such as increased inputs of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers can contribute to significant increases in NH3 emission, and we detected significant increases in the global warming potential and greenhouse gas intensity in response to the application of organic fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer alone. Single application of organic fertilizer led to the production of（3 183.81 ± 293.88）kg·hm-2 NH3. Although such fertilization can significantly increase vegetable yield, it also contributes to the largest global warming potential and greenhouse gas intensity. Total nitrogen, soil organic carbon, and pH are the key factors affecting the emission of greenhouse gases and ammonia volatilization. On the basis of the findings of this study, we recommend a fertilization scheme comprising the combined application of organic and chemical fertilizer, which can ensure economic benefits and also takes into account ecological and environmental factors. |
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