安徽省典型区域农田地膜残留特征研究

刘莹; 武升; 童童; 郑晶; 曹迟; 姜家生; 黄文星; 施俊生; 马友华

文章摘要

刘莹,武升,童童,郑晶,曹迟,姜家生,黄文星,施俊生,马友华.安徽省典型区域农田地膜残留特征研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2024,43(1):79-90.

安徽省典型区域农田地膜残留特征研究

Characteristics of mulch film residue in typical areas of Anhui Province，China

投稿时间：2023-03-10

DOI：10.11654/jaes.2023-0178

中文关键词: 地膜残留回收分布特征残留系数农作物

英文关键词: mulch film residue reclamation distribution characteristic carryover coefficient cropper

基金项目:安徽省农业农村厅项目（皖农环〔2021〕375）

作者	单位	E-mail
刘莹	农田生态保育与污染防控安徽省重点实验室, 安徽农业大学资源与环境学院, 合肥 230036
武升	农田生态保育与污染防控安徽省重点实验室, 安徽农业大学资源与环境学院, 合肥 230036
童童	农田生态保育与污染防控安徽省重点实验室, 安徽农业大学资源与环境学院, 合肥 230036
郑晶	农田生态保育与污染防控安徽省重点实验室, 安徽农业大学资源与环境学院, 合肥 230036
曹迟	农田生态保育与污染防控安徽省重点实验室, 安徽农业大学资源与环境学院, 合肥 230036
姜家生	农田生态保育与污染防控安徽省重点实验室, 安徽农业大学资源与环境学院, 合肥 230036
黄文星	安徽省农业生态环境总站, 合肥 230001
施俊生	安徽省农业生态环境总站, 合肥 230001
马友华	农田生态保育与污染防控安徽省重点实验室, 安徽农业大学资源与环境学院, 合肥 230036	yhma@ahau.edu.cn

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中文摘要:

为探究安徽省典型区域覆膜作物地膜残留特征及影响因素，于2019—2021年选择安徽省8个代表性地市13个县区共计15个监测点，利用典型样点采集的方法开展地膜残留监测，同时随机选取周边的 10个农户或合作社开展问卷调查。结果表明：2019—2021年安徽省地膜平均残留量为 10.80 kg·hm^-2，未超出国家标准限值（75.00 kg·hm^-2）。各监测点 3 a平均残膜量在 0~30kg·hm^-2之间，残膜量为 5~15 kg·hm^-2的监测点占 53.33%。从不同区域来看，江淮丘陵区地膜残留量较多，其农田地膜残留量为3.62~25.76 kg·hm^-2。不同作物平均残膜量为马铃薯>露地蔬菜>烟草>果树>保护地蔬菜>大豆>瓜类>花生。保护地蔬菜地膜残留系数为 1.59%，在沿用当前的覆膜生产模式下，此后连续覆膜 8 a，残膜量将会超过国家标准限值。影响残膜量的因素有作物类型、覆膜年限、地膜规格。覆膜<10、10~19 a和 20~30 a土壤的残膜含量存在显著差异，且不同厚度地膜的不规范使用在一定程度上加大了地膜回收的难度。研究表明：目前安徽省各监测点覆膜作物区地膜污染状况较轻，主要回收方式为人工捡拾，机械化程度较低。回收后的地膜主要作为农村生活垃圾处理，占比为52.91%。安徽省应通过调整种植结构、推广使用标准地膜、加强回收意识、提高回收率等方法来降低地膜污染。

英文摘要:

To explore the characteristics and influencing factors of mulch film residues in typical areas and mulched crops in Anhui Province, in 2019—2021, 15 monitoring points in 13 counties and districts in 8 representative prefectures and cities of Anhui Province were selected, and positioning and typical sample collection methods were used to carry out mulch film residue monitoring, with 10 surrounding farmers or cooperatives randomly selected to carry out questionnaire surveys. The results showed that the average residue of mulch film in Anhui Province during 2019—2021 was 10.80 kg·hm^-2, which did not exceed the national standard limit（75.00 kg·hm^-2）. The average residual film amount at each monitoring point in the three years was 0-30 kg·hm^-2, and the residual film amount was 5-15 kg· hm^-2, accounting for 53.33%. From the perspective of different regions, the amount of mulch film residue in the Jianghuai hilly area was higher, with the amount in farming areas being 3.62-25.76 kg·hm^-2. The average residual film amount for different crops decreased in the following order：potato>open-field vegetable>tobacco>fruit tree>protected area vegetable>soybean>melon>peanut. The residual coefficient of vegetable mulch film in protected areas was 1.59%, and the amount of residual film was expected to exceed the residual film limit standard set by the state after eight years of continuous lamination. The factors affecting the amount of residual film included the crop type, mulching age, and mulch film specification. There were significant differences in the residual film contents of mulching <10 a, 10-19 a, and 20-30 a soils, and the irregular use of mulch film of different thicknesses increased the difficulty of mulch film recovery, to a certain extent. The results showed that, at present, the pollution status of mulch film in the mulching crop area at each monitoring point in Anhui Province was relatively low, the main recycling method was manual picking, and the degree of mechanization was low. The recycled mulch film was mainly treated as rural household waste, accounting for 52.91%. Anhui Province should reduce mulch film pollution by adjusting the planting structure, promoting the use of standard mulch film, strengthening recycling awareness, and improving the recycling rate.

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