| 徐志华,任娣,刘崇万,刘熠,葛筱琴,胡月,朱晓华.江苏某地区稻虾蟹综合种养模式下养殖水和产品中农药残留与风险评价[J].农业环境科学学报,2024,43(1):37-47. |
| 江苏某地区稻虾蟹综合种养模式下养殖水和产品中农药残留与风险评价 |
| Pesticide residues and risk assessment in aquatic water and products under typical rice-crab and rice-shrimp integrated cultivation patterns in areas of Jiangsu Province |
| 投稿时间：2023-03-13 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2023-0183 |
| 中文关键词: 稻-虾 稻-蟹 综合种养模式 农药残留 健康风险 生态风险 |
| 英文关键词: rice-shrimp rice-crab comprehensive planting and breeding mode pesticide residue health risk ecological risk |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2020YFD0900300）；江苏现代农业（大宗鱼）产业项目（JATS〔2022〕371） |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 徐志华 | 江苏省淡水水产研究所, 南京 210017
江苏省水产质量检测中心, 南京 210017 | | | 任娣 | 江苏省淡水水产研究所, 南京 210017
江苏省水产质量检测中心, 南京 210017 | | | 刘崇万 | 江苏省淡水水产研究所, 南京 210017
江苏省水产质量检测中心, 南京 210017 | | | 刘熠 | 江苏省淡水水产研究所, 南京 210017
江苏省水产质量检测中心, 南京 210017 | | | 葛筱琴 | 江苏省淡水水产研究所, 南京 210017
江苏省水产质量检测中心, 南京 210017 | | | 胡月 | 江苏省淡水水产研究所, 南京 210017
江苏省水产质量检测中心, 南京 210017 | | | 朱晓华 | 江苏省淡水水产研究所, 南京 210017
江苏省水产质量检测中心, 南京 210017 | xhz824@sina.com |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为掌握江苏省某地区稻田综合种养基地内（“稻-蟹”及“稻-虾”）养殖水环境及水产品中的农药残留特征与生态风险及健康风险，利用三重四极杆气质联用仪（GC-MS/MS），选择6个养殖区，根据生长周期，跟踪监测养殖水环境及同期水产品（虾、蟹）中208种农药残留情况，并根据商值法对养殖水环境进行生态风险评价，利用食用安全风险指数对水产品进行食用安全分析。结果表明：综合种养模式下，水环境中检出农药的主要类型为除草剂、杀菌剂、植物生长调节剂等，平均质量分数为0.33 μg·L-1，同时有少量杀虫剂、杀螨剂、增效剂有检出；在整个生长周期内，稻虾、稻蟹农药残留的主要类型为除草剂、杀菌剂、杀虫剂和植物生长调节剂，平均质量分数为6.1 μg·kg-1 （以湿质量计）。养殖水环境中农药主要来源于养殖前期环境中残留或外源性污染，随着养殖时间延长，农药含量整体趋向于减少，通过对养殖水环境生态风险进行分析，发现各抽样点位联合风险商值（RQ）均在0~1之间，属于中风险，对环境仍具有一定的压力，除草剂等类型农药应引起重视；在监测周期内，水产品中大部分农药的残留量逐渐减少直至未检出，仅有部分点位杀菌剂有少量存在，通过对同期虾、蟹的健康风险进行分析发现，平均食品安全指数远小于1，农药残留的食品安全风险可以接受。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In this study, we sought to evaluate the residual levels of pesticides and their ecological and health risks in typical comprehensive planting and breeding demonstration areas（“rice-crab”and“rice-shrimp”）in selected areas of Jiangsu Province. Triple quadrupole gas chromatography - mass spectrometry was used to track and monitor 208 pesticide residues in samples collected in six aquaculture areas. Furthermore, we used the entropy value method and food safety index to conduct ecological risk assessment of aquaculture water and a health risk assessment of aquatic products, respectively. The results showed that the main types of pesticides detected in the aquatic environment were herbicides, fungicides, and plant growth regulators, with an average mass fraction of 0.33 μg·L-1. Collectively, the amounts of herbicides, fungicides, and plant growth regulators accounted for 90% of the total pesticides, with the remainder being contributed by smaller amounts of pesticides such as acaricides and synergists. The average mass fraction of pesticides （herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, and plant growth regulators）detected in aquatic products was 6.1 μg·kg-1 （wet）. At the pre-culture stage, the sources of pesticides in the aquaculture aquatic environment were residual or exogenous pollution. With a prolongation of breeding time, the contents of these pesticides will decline. The ecological risks of aquaculture water were all assessed to be medium, and the risk entropy of each sampling point was between 0 and 1. Particular attention should be paid to herbicides and other pesticides, as these have a certain pressure on the ecological environment. In the monitoring cycle, the trend of the residual amounts of most pesticides in aquatic products was similar to that of changes in the aquatic environment, gradually decreasing until becoming undetectable. However, we detected the presence of small amounts of fungicides at some sites. Analysis of the health risks to shrimps and crabs during the same period revealed that the average of food safety index was considerably less than 1, thereby indicating that the food safety risk of pesticide residues at the monitored sites was acceptable. |
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