不同锌肥对土壤镉有效性及小麦镉吸收转运的影响

姚澄; 周天宇; 樊广萍; 周东美; 史高玲; 沈文忠; 张绪美; 陈未; 李江叶; 高岩

文章摘要

姚澄,周天宇,樊广萍,周东美,史高玲,沈文忠,张绪美,陈未,李江叶,高岩.不同锌肥对土壤镉有效性及小麦镉吸收转运的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2024,43(1):19-29.

不同锌肥对土壤镉有效性及小麦镉吸收转运的影响

Effects of different zinc fertilizers on soil cadmium availability and cadmium uptake and transport in wheat

投稿时间：2023-03-14

DOI：10.11654/jaes.2023-0187

中文关键词: 小麦镉锌肥镉吸收转运

英文关键词: wheat Cd Zn fertilizer Cd uptake and translocation

基金项目:江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目（CX(20)1010）；太仓市重点研发计划-社会发展项目（TC2021SF02）

作者	单位	E-mail
姚澄	江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 南京 210014 农业农村部长江下游平原农业环境重点实验室, 南京 210014
周天宇	江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 南京 210014 农业农村部长江下游平原农业环境重点实验室, 南京 210014
樊广萍	江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 南京 210014 农业农村部长江下游平原农业环境重点实验室, 南京 210014	fanguangping@jaas.ac.cn
周东美	南京大学环境学院, 南京 210023
史高玲	江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 南京 210014 农业农村部长江下游平原农业环境重点实验室, 南京 210014
沈文忠	太仓市农业技术推广中心, 江苏太仓 215400
张绪美	太仓市农业技术推广中心, 江苏太仓 215400
陈未	江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 南京 210014 农业农村部长江下游平原农业环境重点实验室, 南京 210014
李江叶	江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 南京 210014 农业农村部长江下游平原农业环境重点实验室, 南京 210014
高岩	江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 南京 210014 农业农村部长江下游平原农业环境重点实验室, 南京 210014	ygao@jaas.ac.cn

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中文摘要:

为探究施用锌肥对污染土壤中小麦Cd吸收转运的影响，采用盆栽试验，研究了两种锌肥（常规锌肥、缓释锌肥）及其不同用量（13、26、66 mg·kg^-1）对根际土壤Cd、Zn有效性和小麦Cd、Zn吸收转运的影响。结果表明：施用两种锌肥均可显著增加土壤有效态Zn含量，但施用缓释锌肥在小麦孕穗期、灌浆期和成熟期对土壤有效态Zn的贡献显著高于常规锌肥，且不同生育期小麦根部和地上部Zn含量高于相应浓度常规锌肥处理。在拔节期，施用常规和缓释锌肥均能有效降低小麦根部Cd含量，Cd含量分别比对照（未施锌肥）降低了23%~33%和3%~48%，且中、高浓度锌肥同时显著降低了根部-地上部Cd转移系数。常规和缓释锌肥对灌浆期和成熟期小麦地上部Cd含量的降幅分别为21%~54%和13%~43%。虽然高浓度缓释锌肥在小麦拔节期、孕穗期和灌浆期显著增加了土壤有效态Cd含量，但却显著降低了小麦灌浆期和成熟期根部-地上部Cd转移系数。施用高浓度常规锌肥也能显著降低小麦成熟期根部-地上部Cd转移系数。所有处理中，仅施用高浓度常规和缓释锌肥显著降低了小麦籽粒中Cd含量，降幅分别为19%和29%。相关性分析显示，在小麦全生育期，小麦根部Zn含量与地上部Cd含量呈负相关关系，并且缓释锌肥处理的小麦成熟期地上部-籽粒Cd转移系数随施Zn浓度的增加而减小，表明施用锌肥能有效抑制小麦对Cd的吸收和转运。施用高浓度锌肥抑制Cd从地上部向籽粒转移的效率仍较低，在中重度Cd污染土壤中单施锌肥不能保证小麦的安全生产，需在小麦Cd吸收关键期组合其他阻控技术措施，以进一步降低Cd在小麦籽粒中的积累。

英文摘要:

In this study, we sought to examine the effects of zinc（Zn）fertilizer on cadmium（Cd）absorption and transport by wheat in polluted soil. Pot experiments were conducted to study the effects of different concentrations（13, 26 mg·kg^-1, and 66 mg·kg^-1）and types [conventional zinc fertilizer（CZF）and slow-release zinc fertilizer（SZF）] of Zn fertilizers on Cd and Zn availability in rhizospheric soil and the Cd and Zn uptake and transport in wheat. The results revealed that both types of Zn fertilizer promoted significant increases in the content of soil available Zn, although the availability of Zn in soil at the booting, filling and mature stages of wheat was significantly higher in soil treated with SZF than in CZF-treated soil.The application of CZF and SZF effectively reduced the Cd content in wheat roots at the jointing stage, which was 23% - 33% and 3% - 48% lower than that of the control, respectively, whereas only medium - and highconcentration CZF and SZF promoted a significant reduction in the root - shoot Cd transfer coefficient. Compared with the control, the application of CZF and SZF effectively reduced the Cd content in the shoots of wheat at the filling and mature stages, with reductions of 21% - 54% and 13% - 43%, respectively. Although high-concentration SZF significantly（P<0.05）increased the soil available Cd content at the wheat jointing, booting, and filling stages, it promoted a significant reduction（P<0.05）in the root - shoot Cd transfer coefficient at the wheat filling and mature stages. The application of high-concentration CZF also contributed to a significant reduction in the root - shoot Cd transfer coefficient of wheat at the mature stage. In all treatments, only the use of high-concentration CZF and SZF promoted significant reductions（P<0.05）in the Cd content of wheat grains, by 19% and 29%, respectively. Correlation analysis revealed that during the whole growth period of wheat, the Zn content in wheat roots was negatively（P<0.05）correlated with the Cd content in shoots, and that there was a decline in the Cd transfer coefficient from the shoots to grains in response to an increase in Zn concentration, thereby indicating that Zn fertilizers can effectively inhibit the uptake and transport of Cd by wheat. However, the efficiency with which high-concentration Zn fertilizers inhibited the transfer of Cd from the shoots to grains was still low. On the basis of these findings, it is apparent that the application of Zn fertilizer alone to moderately and severely Cd contaminated soil is not sufficient to ensure the safe production of wheat. Accordingly, it will be necessary to combine Zn fertilization with other measures to further reduce the accumulation of Cd in wheat grains at the critical period for Cd absorption by wheat.

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