污泥堆肥部分替代化肥对铬污染耕地玉米生长的影响

曹迟; 周晓天; 高羽欣; 马中文; 王垚; 应纯洋; 谢君豪; 周福红; 蒋浩永; 马友华

文章摘要

曹迟,周晓天,高羽欣,马中文,王垚,应纯洋,谢君豪,周福红,蒋浩永,马友华.污泥堆肥部分替代化肥对铬污染耕地玉米生长的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2023,42(11):2453-2463.

污泥堆肥部分替代化肥对铬污染耕地玉米生长的影响

Effects of partial replacement of chemical fertilizer with sludge compost on maize growth in chromium-contaminated farmland

投稿时间：2023-03-05

DOI：10.11654/jaes.2023-0160

中文关键词: 玉米污泥堆肥铬污泥农用土壤养分作物产量

英文关键词: maize sludge compost chromium sewage sludge utilization soil nutrient crop yield

基金项目:安徽省科技重大攻关项目(17030701053)；安徽省耕地土壤改良与安全利用集中推进示范展示基地建设项目(皖农办科函[2021]195)

作者	单位	E-mail
曹迟	农田生态保育与污染防控安徽省重点实验室, 安徽农业大学资源与环境学院, 合肥 230036
周晓天	农田生态保育与污染防控安徽省重点实验室, 安徽农业大学资源与环境学院, 合肥 230036
高羽欣	农田生态保育与污染防控安徽省重点实验室, 安徽农业大学资源与环境学院, 合肥 230036
马中文	农田生态保育与污染防控安徽省重点实验室, 安徽农业大学资源与环境学院, 合肥 230036
王垚	农田生态保育与污染防控安徽省重点实验室, 安徽农业大学资源与环境学院, 合肥 230036
应纯洋	农田生态保育与污染防控安徽省重点实验室, 安徽农业大学资源与环境学院, 合肥 230036
谢君豪	农田生态保育与污染防控安徽省重点实验室, 安徽农业大学资源与环境学院, 合肥 230036
周福红	明光市农业技术推广中心, 安徽明光 239400
蒋浩永	明光市农业技术推广中心, 安徽明光 239400
马友华	农田生态保育与污染防控安徽省重点实验室, 安徽农业大学资源与环境学院, 合肥 230036	yhma@ahau.edu.cn

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中文摘要:

为探索污泥堆肥在铬污染耕地上的资源化合理利用,本研究通过田间试验,设置了空白对照、常规施肥、单施污泥堆肥以及不同比例污泥堆肥替代化肥配施处理,并将其与有机肥替代化肥进行效果对比,从玉米生物量、铬吸收、土壤铬含量及其有效性等方面探讨污泥堆肥施用对作物生长和土壤铬累积的影响。结果表明:相比于对照,不同用量污泥堆肥均能促进玉米生长,显著提高玉米产量,增产范围为15.24%~36.65%,其中污泥堆肥替代20%化肥配施对玉米的增产效果最好,相较于常规施肥增产了7.16%。各替代化肥处理下玉米籽粒中重金属铬含量均低于《食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量》(GB 2762-2022)中的限值,其中污泥堆肥30%替代化肥处理玉米籽粒降铬效果最好。污泥堆肥施用量在750~1 500 kg·hm^-2时玉米地上部分对铬的携出量大于污泥铬的携入量。当季施用污泥堆肥对土壤总铬含量无显著影响,且各替代化肥处理下土壤有效态铬含量相较对照降幅为5.59%~12.68%。施用污泥堆肥不会对作物产生盐害并且能够缓解土壤酸化、提高土壤有机质、全氮以及速效氮磷钾含量。综合来看,在铬污染耕地,污泥堆肥替代化肥施用不仅有利于提高玉米产量,还能显著降低籽粒铬含量,并且施用量为1 500 kg·hm^-2时即能保障玉米安全、高产,且不会对土壤造成富集铬的风险,并能有效提高土壤各养分指标。

英文摘要:

To explore the rational utilization of sludge compost on chromium-contaminated farmland, a field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of sludge compost application on crop growth and soil chromium accumulation. The experiment included blank controls, conventional fertilization, single application of sludge compost, and different ratios of sludge compost replacement for chemical fertilizers. Organic fertilizers were also used as a control. The results were examined from the perspectives of maize biomass, chromium absorption, and soil chromium content and its effectiveness. Results revealed that different amounts of sludge compost could promote maize growth and significantly increase maize yield, in the range of 15.24%-36.65%, compared with the control. The treatment with 20% sludge compost replacement for chemical fertilizers exhibited the best yield increase, with a 7.16% increase compared to conventional fertilization. The heavy metal chromium content in maize grains under each replacement fertilizer treatment was lower than the limit values in the standard GB 2762-2022, and the treatment with 30% sludge compost replacement for chemical fertilizers exerted the best effect in reducing chromium content in maize grains. The amount of chromium leached from the maize aboveground was greater than the amount of chromium brought in by the sludge when the application rate of sludge compost was between 750 kg·hm^-2 and 1 500 kg·hm^-2. The application of sludge compost during the season had no significant effect on the total soil chromium content, and the effective soil chromium content under each replacement fertilizer treatment decreased by 5.59% to 12.68% compared to the control. The application of sludge compost did not cause salt damage to crops and could alleviate soil acidification, increase soil organic matter, and improve the contents of total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and potassium. In summary, the application of sludge compost as a replacement for chemical fertilizers on chromium-contaminated farmland not only improves maize yield but also significantly reduces grain chromium content. An application rate of 1 500 kg·hm^-2 can ensure safe and high yield of maize without the risk of chromium accumulation in the soil, as well as effectively improving soil nutrient indicators.

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