长江中游某矿区水体和沉积物重金属来源解析及分布特征和生态风险评估

张力浩; 王国昌; 游来勇; 刘梦丽; 田瑞云; 寇乐勇; 孙斌; 周静

文章摘要

张力浩,王国昌,游来勇,刘梦丽,田瑞云,寇乐勇,孙斌,周静.长江中游某矿区水体和沉积物重金属来源解析及分布特征和生态风险评估[J].农业环境科学学报,2023,42(9):2059-2068.

长江中游某矿区水体和沉积物重金属来源解析及分布特征和生态风险评估

Source apportionment， distribution， and risk assessment of heavy metals in water and sediment near a mining area in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River basin

投稿时间：2022-11-13 修订日期：2023-01-16

DOI：10.11654/jaes.2022-1161

中文关键词: 重金属矿区水-沉积物生态风险正定矩阵因子分析模型

英文关键词: heavy metal mining area water-sediment interaction ecological risk positive definite matrix factorization

基金项目:江西省科技重大研发专项（20194ABC28010）；国家自然科学基金面上项目（41977333）；河南科技学院高层次人才启动项目

作者	单位	E-mail
张力浩	中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤环境与污染修复重点实验室, 南京 210008 河南科技学院资源与环境学院/河南省生物药肥研发与协同应用工程研究中心, 河南新乡 453003
王国昌	河南科技学院资源与环境学院/河南省生物药肥研发与协同应用工程研究中心, 河南新乡 453003
游来勇	中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤环境与污染修复重点实验室, 南京 210008
刘梦丽	中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤环境与污染修复重点实验室, 南京 210008
田瑞云	中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤环境与污染修复重点实验室, 南京 210008
寇乐勇	中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤环境与污染修复重点实验室, 南京 210008
孙斌	北京建工环境修复股份有限公司污染场地安全修复技术国家工程实验室, 北京 100015
周静	中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤环境与污染修复重点实验室, 南京 210008	zhoujing@issas.ac.cn

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中文摘要:

为探究长江中游沿江某矿区周边水-沉积物重金属分布特征、潜在风险及其来源，本研究以江西省北部某矿区周边水体及其沉积物中7种重金属（As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Pb和Zn）为研究对象，通过多点采样分析其在地表水-沉积物系统中的污染特征，并运用单因子评价指数和地累积指数（I_geo）分别对地表水和沉积物中所含重金属进行风险评价，最后通过正定矩阵因子分析（Positive definite matrix factorization，PMF）模型解析沉积物中重金属来源。结果表明：受酸性矿山废水直排影响，该地区地表水和沉积物酸化严重，pH最低分别为2.12和2.62。水体和沉积物中，以Cu、Zn和Cd超标较为严重，水体中分别为0.001~46.96、0.01~122.90、ND~64.97 mg·L^-1，沉积物中分别为21.30~1 840.61、54.20~1 487.55、0.04~18.73 mg·kg^-1，其中以Cd点位超标率最高（68.97%）。风险评价结果表明，超过50%的点位受到Cu和Cd的污染，属于重度风险等级，且多集中于废水排放源头（近矿区）和湖泊（缓水）区域，因此Cd和Cu是构成此区域水和沉积物潜在生态风险的主要重金属。针对沉积物重金属的PMF源解析结果也表明，采选矿活动产生的废渣和废水是造成研究区Cd和Cu超标的主要原因。综上，研究区水和沉积物受到矿冶生产影响，重金属Cu和Cd超标严重，应列为优先控制污染物。

英文摘要:

To explore the characteristic distributions, risks, and sources of heavy metal pollution in the surface water and sediment of a water body near a mining area in the north Jiangxi Province, we measured seven heavy metals(As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb, and Zn)and pH, assessed health risks of these metals in surface water and sediment via single factor index(P_i)and geo-accumulation index, and defined sources of these metals in surface water via positive definite matrix factorization(PMF). Results showed that both surface water and sediment were seriously acidified, with their lowest pH values being 2.12 and 2.62, respectively. The levels of Cu, Zn, and Cd concentrations were very high, exceeding the permissible standard limits for water(0.001-46.96, 0.01-122.90 mg·L^-1, and ND-64.97 mg· L^-1, respectively)and sediment(21.30-1 840.61, 54.20-1 487.55 mg·kg^-1, and 0.04-18.73 mg·kg^-1, respectively). The standard exceedance rate of Cd was highest(68.97%)in the study area. Risk assessment results suggested that the pollutant levels of Cd and Cu in more than 50% of the sites were at a severe risk and concentrated in the wastewater source(near the mining area)and lake area. Therefore, Cd and Cu were the key factors that contributed to the potential ecological risk of water and sediment. According to the factor analysis and PMF model, mining activity was the major source of Cd and Cu. Overall, both Cu and Cd in the water and sediment exceed the standard limits and are the main pollutants due to the smelting activity in the study area; therefore, priority should be given to the remediation of Cu and Cd.

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