| 赵伟东,郭宝玲,郑祥洲,汤水荣,孟磊,张玉树.烟-稻轮作不同施肥土壤N2O排放对水分的响应[J].农业环境科学学报,2023,42(7):1655-1665. |
| 烟-稻轮作不同施肥土壤N2O排放对水分的响应 |
| Effects of moisture content on N2O emissions in different fertilized soils under tobacco-rice rotation |
| 投稿时间：2022-10-20 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2022-1052 |
| 中文关键词: N2O排放 培养试验 长期施肥 微生物功能基因 水旱轮作 |
| 英文关键词: N2O emission culture experiment long-term fertilization microbial functional genes flood-upland rotation |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（41907077，41807022）；福建省属公益科研院所专项（2019R1025-3）；海南大学高层次人才科研启动基金项目（KYQD（ZR）858）；海南省自然科学基金项目（2019RC064）；福建省农业科学院科研项目（GJYS2019004） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为研究水-旱轮作条件中土壤氧化亚氮（N2O）排放对不同施肥处理的响应，本文以亚热带地区长期不同施肥定位试验（烟-稻轮作）土壤为研究对象，设置 60% 持水量（WHC）+不施肥（UCK）、60%WHC+推荐施肥（UNPK）、60%WHC+高氮施肥（UNhPK）、60%WHC+推荐施肥配施秸秆（UNPKS）、淹水+不施肥（FCK）、淹水+推荐施肥（FNPK）、淹水+高氮施肥（FNhPK）、淹水+推荐施肥配施秸秆（FNPKS）共 8个处理，开展室内培养试验，测定土壤 N2O排放及微生物相关功能基因丰度变化，探讨不同施肥土壤N2O排放与相关功能基因丰度对水分的响应规律。结果表明：与CK处理相比，其他施肥处理均显著降低土壤pH，NPKS显著增加土壤有机质（SOM）和全氮（TN）含量；与NPK处理相比，NhPK和NPKS均显著降低土壤碳氮比（C/N）。60%WHC和淹水条件各施肥处理N2O累积排放量分别为0.56~1.44 mg·kg-1和14.89~20.70 mg·kg-1。与60%WHC条件相比，淹水显著促进各施肥处理N2O排放。60%WHC 条件下，与 UNPK 处理相比，UNPKS 处理显著降低 N2O 排放。两种不同水分条件下，N2O 累积排放量与铵态氮（NH+4-N）含量均呈负相关，与硝态氮（NO-3-N）含量均呈正相关。相比于 UCK 处理，UNPK 和 UNhPK 显著提高 AOA 基因拷贝数，UNPK 显著提高 AOB基因拷贝数；UNhPK显著降低 nirK、nirS和 nosZ基因拷贝数，UNPKS显著降低 nirS基因拷贝数。相比于 FCK处理，FNPK、FNhPK、FNPKS均显著提高 AOA和 AOB基因拷贝数，均显著降低 nirS的基因拷贝数。淹水各施肥处理 AOA、AOB基因拷贝数和（nirK+nirS）/nosZ 比值分别为 60%WHC 各施肥处理的 1.80~2.49倍、1.19~2.19倍和 1.25~1.42倍，与 60%WHC 相比，淹水促进硝化菌硝化作用和反硝化作用的强度，导致大量 N2O 排放；UNPKS 处理的（nirK+nirS）/nosZ 比值比 UNPK 低 21%，相比于UNPK处理，UNPKS处理降低土壤反硝化作用，减少N2O排放。研究表明，淹水条件增加了土壤N2O排放，但减弱了施肥对N2O排放的影响；低水分条件下化学肥料配施秸秆可以显著减少N2O排放。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Nitrous oxide（N2O）emissions from soil with different fertilization treatments under flood-upland rotation are important for N 2O emissions regulation. In this study, soil samples from a long-term fertilization positioning experiment（tobacco-rice rotation） in a subtropical region were collected for N2O emission study. The eight treatments in the incubation experiment were as follows：60% water holding capacity（WHC）+ no fertilization（UCK）, 60%WHC + recommended fertilization（UNPK）, 60%WHC + high nitrogen fertilization （UNhPK）, 60%WHC+recommended fertilization combined with straw（UNPKS）, flooding+no fertilization（FCK）, flooding+recommended fertilization（FNPK）, flooding + high nitrogen fertilization（FNhPK）and flooding+recommended fertilization combined with straw（FNPKS）. Soil N2O emissions and the abundance of related functional genes under different moisture content fertilization were investigated. The results were as follows：Compared with CK treatment, soil pH was significantly decreased by fertilization; soil organic matter（SOM）and total nitrogen（TN）contents were significantly increased by NPKS. Compared with NPK treatment, C/N ratio was significantly decreased by NhPK and NPKS. The N2O emissions of fertilization treatment under 60%WHC and flooding conditions were 0.56–1.44 mg·kg-1 and 14.89–20.70 mg · kg-1, respectively. Compared with the 60%WHC conditions, soil N2O emission were significantly promoted under flooding conditions. Soil N2O emissions under UNPKS treatment were lower than those under UNPK treatment. The amount of N2O emission was negatively correlated with the soil NH+4-N content and positively correlated with NO-3-N content. Compared with the UCK treatment, the copy number of AOA genes was significantly improved under UNPK and UNhPK, and the copy number of AOB genes was significantly increased under UNPK. The copy numbers of nirK, nirS and nosZ genes were significantly reduced under UNhPK, and the copy number of nirS genes was significantly reduced under UNPKS. Compared with FCK treatment, the gene copy numbers of AOA and AOB were significantly increased by FNPK, FNhPK and FNPKS, accompanied by a decrease in the nirS gene copy number. The copy numbers of AOA and AOB genes and the ratio of（nirK+nirS）/nosZ in fertilization treatments under flooding were 1.80–2.49, 1.19–2.19 times and 1.25–1.42 times greater than that under 60% WHC. The ratio of（nirK+nirS）/nosZ under UNPKS treatment was 21% lower than that under UNPK treatment. Compared with UNPK treatment, soil denitrification intensity and N2O emissions were reduced under UNPKS treatment. The results of this study indicated that flooding increased soil N2O emission, but reduced the effects of fertilization on N2O emission. Chemical fertilizers combined with straw application could significantly reduce N2O emission under low moisture conditions. |
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