| 方明智,唐思琪,孙煜璨,陈坦,张冰,刘翼飞,杨婷.腐植酸淋洗对重金属污染土壤微生物群落结构影响研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2023,42(5):1061-1070. |
| 腐植酸淋洗对重金属污染土壤微生物群落结构影响研究 |
| Effects of humic acid washing on the microbial community composition in heavy metal-contaminated soil |
| 投稿时间：2022-11-08 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2022-1135 |
| 中文关键词: 重金属 土壤淋洗 腐植酸 环境因子 微生物群落结构 |
| 英文关键词: heavy metal soil washing humic acid environmental factor microbial community and structure |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（42007128）；中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金（2022QNYL27，2021JCXK01）；华能集团总部科技项目基础能源科技研究专项（HNKJ20-H50） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为阐明腐植酸淋洗残留对土壤重金属形态分布、土壤理化性质与微生物群落结构变化的影响，本研究基于室内土壤淋洗实验与高通量测序技术，研究了腐植酸淋洗前后土壤重金属形态、pH、氨氮（NH4+-N）和土壤有机碳（SOC）含量变化特征，揭示了土壤微生物群落结构组成和多样性的变化规律与主要环境影响因素。结果表明，腐植酸淋洗可去除土壤中的Cd和Zn，对Pb的去除效果较差。淋洗后土壤中的Cd和Zn被活化，可迁移性提高； Pb的可氧化态和残渣态比例升高，可迁移性降低。在土壤微生物群落结构变化方面，淋洗后30 d内细菌群落丰富度先降低后升高，群落多样性提高。淋洗后Chloroflexi、Acidobacteria、Gemmatimonadetes、Fibrobacteres、Armatimonadetes等菌群的相对丰度增加，Actinobacteria、Firmicutes等菌群的相对丰度降低。腐植酸淋洗后土壤微生物的相互作用和网络复杂性提高；土壤微生物将会更高效地进行物质传输和利用，同时抵御环境扰动的能力也更强。腐植酸淋洗改变了土壤理化性质，驱动微生物群落结构改变的主要环境因子是酸提取态Pb、Zn含量和NH4+-N含量。腐植酸可以有效淋洗出Cd和Zn，但会活化土壤中残留的Cd和Zn，降低微生物群落多样性；后期培养过程中腐植酸残留可以钝化重金属，并提高微生物群落多样性、改善微生物群落结构。因此，腐植酸淋洗剂具有良好的土壤重金属去除和微生物群落结构改善能力，是一种高效且环境友好的土壤淋洗剂。此外，本研究还可为评价淋洗后土壤的微生态响应提供科学指导。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The aim of this study is to elucidate the characteristics of heavy metal speciation, soil physicochemical properties, and microbial community structure changes mediated by humic acid residues after soil washing. Based on soil washing laboratory experiments and highthroughput sequencing technology, pH, NH4+-N and soil organic carbon(SOC) content before and after humic acid washing, further changes in soil microbial community structure and diversity, and the main environmental influencing factors were determined. The results showed that the humic acid washing process could remove Cd and Zn from the soil; however, this process was less effective in removing Pb. The mobility of Cd and Zn in the soil increased, indicating that the two metals were activated after washing. The oxidation and residual fraction of Pb increased, thus the mobility decreased. As for the soil microbial community structure, the bacterial community richness first decreased and then increased, while the community diversity increased within 30 days after washing. The relative abundance of Chloroflexi, Acidobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, Fibrobacteres, and Armatimonadetes increased, while that of Actinobacteria and Firmicutes decreased after washing. The interactions and network complexity of microbial communities in the soil were enhanced after humic acid washing. Soil microorganisms would utilize materials more efficiently and be more resistant to environmental disturbances after soil washing. The change of microbial community structure was mainly driven by NH4+-N content and changing the acid-soluble fraction of Pb and Zn. Humic acid could remove Cd and Zn from soil effectively; however, activating Cd and Zn and reduced microbial community diversity in soil; The residue of humic acid in soil could immobilize heavy metals, increase microbial community diversity, and improve microbial community structure during incubation. Therefore, humic acid is an efficient and environmentally friendly washing agent, which can remove heavy metals effectively and improve soil microbial community structure. Furthermore, this study can provide scientific guidance for evaluating the microecological response of soil after washing. |
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