叶面喷施氯化氨基乙酸对水稻镉转运特性的影响

刘双月; 付琳; 张长波; 邓嘉伟; 薛卫杰; 刘仲齐; 王常荣; 邓芸

文章摘要

刘双月,付琳,张长波,邓嘉伟,薛卫杰,刘仲齐,王常荣,邓芸.叶面喷施氯化氨基乙酸对水稻镉转运特性的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2023,42(3):500-510.

叶面喷施氯化氨基乙酸对水稻镉转运特性的影响

Effects of foliar application of chlorinated amino acetic acid on cadmium transport and accumulation characteristics in rice

投稿时间：2022-11-30

DOI：10.11654/jaes.2022-1229

基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2022YFD1700103）；国家科技部外国专家计划项目（G2022051018L）；国家自然科学基金项目（42207039，U20A20108）；农业农村部环境保护科研监测所基础性前沿任务

作者	单位	E-mail
刘双月	农业农村部产地环境污染防控重点实验室, 农业农村部环境保护科研监测所, 天津 300191
付琳	农业农村部产地环境污染防控重点实验室, 农业农村部环境保护科研监测所, 天津 300191
张长波	农业农村部产地环境污染防控重点实验室, 农业农村部环境保护科研监测所, 天津 300191	zhangchangbo@caas.cn
邓嘉伟	农业农村部产地环境污染防控重点实验室, 农业农村部环境保护科研监测所, 天津 300191
薛卫杰	农业农村部产地环境污染防控重点实验室, 农业农村部环境保护科研监测所, 天津 300191
刘仲齐	农业农村部产地环境污染防控重点实验室, 农业农村部环境保护科研监测所, 天津 300191
王常荣	农业农村部产地环境污染防控重点实验室, 农业农村部环境保护科研监测所, 天津 300191
邓芸	江南大学环境与土木工程学院, 江苏无锡 214122

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中文摘要:

为了探究水稻开花期喷施氯化氨基乙酸对水稻中Cd转运特性的影响，以湘早籼24号（X24）水稻为研究对象开展盆栽试验，对水稻籽粒及各器官中的Cd含量、水稻必需元素（K、Mg、Ca、Fe、Mn、Zn）及水稻体内氨基酸含量的变化进行分析。结果表明：水稻开花期叶面喷施0.8 mmol·L^-1氯化氨基乙酸显著降低了稻米和穗轴中的Cd含量，稻米中的Cd含量从0.28 mg·kg^-1下降至0.17 mg·kg^-1，降幅为39.29%。通过对水稻体内各器官间Cd转移系数的分析发现，开花期水稻叶面喷施氯化氨基乙酸可以显著降低Cd离子从穗轴向籽粒、穗节向穗颈、倒二节间向倒一节间的转移系数，即倒二节间向上的转移效率降低导致了稻米中Cd含量显著下降。同时，叶面喷施氯化氨基乙酸降低了水稻籽粒和穗轴中Ca的含量，促进了K、Mg和Zn从倒一节向穗轴的转移。氨基酸分析结果显示，叶面喷施0.8 mmol·L^-1氯化氨基乙酸后，稻米中天冬氨酸和谷氨酸的含量分别增加了28.54%和22.96%，甘氨酸含量减少了51.92%。由此可见，水稻开花期叶面喷施氯化氨基乙酸有利于稻米中天冬氨酸和谷氨酸的合成，能促进K、Mg和Zn的转运，并通过抑制Cd由营养器官向籽粒的转运过程显著降低稻米中的Cd含量，该方法在我国南方Cd污染农田水稻生产过程中具有良好的应用前景。

英文摘要:

To explore the effects of foliar application of chlorinated amino acetic acid on the transport characteristics of Cd in rice during the flowering stage, a pot experiment was conducted using Xiangzaoxian 24 rice. The changes of Cd content in rice grains and various organ species, and essential elements（K, Mg, Ca, Fe, Mn, Zn）and amino acid contents in rice were analyzed. The results show that the application of 0.8 mmol·L^-1 chlorinated amino acetic acid at the flowering stage of rice significantly reduced the Cd content in rice and rachis at the mature stage; the Cd content in rice decreased from 0.28 mg·kg^-1 to 0.17 mg·kg^-1, reducing by 39.29%. Through the analysis of the cadmium transfer factor between various organs in rice, we found that the application of chlorinated amino acetic acid significantly decreased the transport factor of Cd ions from the rachis to grain, panicle node to panicle neck, and from the second inverted node to the first inverted. Cd decreased significantly due to the decrease in the transport efficiency of the inverted second internode. Additionally, the application of chlorinated amino acetic acid increased the content of C_a in grain and cob, and promoted the transfer of K, Mg and Zn from the inverted node to the rachis. The amino acid analysis results show that the application of 0.8 mmol·L^-1 chlorinated amino acetic acid increased the content of aspartic acid and glutamic acid by 28.54% and 22.96%, respectively, and decreased the glycine content by 51.92%. Therefore, the application of chlorinated amino acetic acid during the flowering period of rice is conducive to the synthesis of aspartic acid and glutamic acid in rice, which promotes the transport of K, Mg and Zn, and significantly reduces Cd content by inhibiting the transportation of Cd from vegetative organs to grain. This method may be applied in the production process of Cd-polluted farmland in southern China.

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