| 吴红艳,于淼,高晓梅.玉米秸秆添加量对温室土壤氨挥发及辣椒氮素吸收的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2022,41(10):2307-2314. |
| 玉米秸秆添加量对温室土壤氨挥发及辣椒氮素吸收的影响 |
| Effects of maize straw addition on soil ammonia volatilization and nitrogen absorption of pepper in greenhouse |
| 投稿时间：2022-04-02 修订日期：2022-06-01 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2022-0326 |
| 中文关键词: 秸秆还田 氨挥发 氮素吸收 温室 铵态氮 硝态氮 |
| 英文关键词: straw returning ammonia volatilization nitrogen absorption greenhouse ammonium nitrogen nitrate nitrogen |
| 基金项目:辽宁省农业科学院土壤微生态学科建设项目(2019DD154522);辽宁省"兴辽英才计划"项目(XLYC2002048) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探明玉米秸秆添加量对设施土壤氨挥发和辣椒氮素累积的影响，采用室内盆栽的试验方法，以蔬菜大棚土壤作为研究对象，以辣椒为试材，设置4个处理，即在常规施肥（N 100 kg·hm-2、P2O5 70 kg·hm-2、K2O 80 kg·hm-2）的条件下不添加秸秆（CK）和加入秸秆量分别为4 500 kg·hm-2（S1）、9 000 kg·hm-2（S2）、13 500 kg·hm-2（S3）。采用通气法对盆栽辣椒土壤原位氨挥发进行监测，并在不同时期对土壤铵态氮、硝态氮含量及辣椒地上部总氮量进行测定。结果表明：监测期内不同秸秆添加量土壤的氨挥发量和氨挥发速率均在第7天达到峰值，S2的氨挥发量较CK、S1、S3分别减少了43.0%、12.8%和17.9%，氨挥发速率平均值分别降低了30.0%、7.5%和20.0%；土壤铵态氮含量各处理均在第7天达到峰值，S2较其他3个处理分别减少了24.2%、11.5%和14.8%，且S2与CK差异极显著；硝态氮含量在第21天达到峰值，S2较其他3个处理分别增加62.8%、25.8%和47.2%，且处理之间均差异显著；辣椒成熟期地上部总氮含量在第60天时，S1、S2、S3较CK增加了13.7%、19.1%和9.3%，且S2与CK、S1、S3均呈显著差异（P<0.05）； S2处理辣椒产量与CK相比增加14.3%；在监测期内土壤氨挥发累积量与植株地上部氮素累积量和辣椒产量均呈显著负相关（P<0.01）。研究表明，秸秆添加量为9 000 kg·hm-2时能够显著减少设施土壤氨挥发量，有效降低土壤铵态氮含量，提高硝态氮含量，对植株氮素累积具有显著的促进作用，可减少农业面源污染。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The effect of maize straw addition on soil ammonia volatilization and pepper nitrogen accumulation was determined in this study. Soil from a vegetable greenhouse was collected as the research object, and pepper was used as the test material. Four treatments were set under conventional fertilization（N 100 kg·hm-2, P2O5 70 kg·hm-2, K2O 80 kg·hm-2）without（CK）or with straw application（S1=4 500 kg· hm-2; S2=9 000 kg·hm-2; and S3=13 500 kg·hm-2）. In situ ammonia volatilization from soil in which pepper was planted was monitored using the venting method. The contents of ammonium and nitrate nitrogen in the soil and total nitrogen in pepper shoots were measured at different times. During the monitoring period, ammonia volatilization from soil and the ammonia volatilization rate of different straw returning amounts reached the peak on the 7th day. The maximum ammonia volatilization rate under S2 was respectively 43.0%, 12.8%,and 17.9% lower than that under CK, S1, and S3. The mean ammonia volatilization rate under S2 was respectively 30.0%, 7.5%, and 20.0% lower than that under CK, S1, and S3. In all treatments, the maximum of soil ammonium nitrogen level was recorded on the 7th day. The ammonium nitrogen content under S2 was respectively 24.2%, 11.5%, and 14.8% lower than that under CK, S1, and S3. The difference between S2 and CK was extremely significant. In all treatments, the maximum soil nitrate nitrogen level was recorded on the 21st day, The maximum soil nitrate nitrogen content under S2 was respectively 62.8%, 25.8%, and 47.2% higher than that under CK, S1, and S3, and there were significant differences among all treatments. On the 60th day, nitrogen accumulation in pepper shoots under S1, S2, and S3 was respectively 13.7%, 19.1%, and 9.3% higher than that under CK, and there were significant differences among all treatments. S2 increased pepper yield by 14.3% compared with CK. During the monitoring period, soil ammonia volatilization was significantly and negatively correlated with the aboveground nitrogen accumulation and yield of pepper. Overall, the optimal straw returning amount was 9 000 kg·hm-2. Thus, maize straw application can significantly reduce ammonia volatilization and soil ammonium nitrogen but increase soil nitrate nitrogen to significantly promote plant nitrogen accumulation and minimize agricultural pollution. |
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