| 张明伟,杨恒山,邰继承,范秀艳,葛选良,张雨珊,徐晓.秸秆还田与浅埋滴灌对玉米耕层土壤水稳性团聚体及其碳含量的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2022,41(5):999-1008. |
| 秸秆还田与浅埋滴灌对玉米耕层土壤水稳性团聚体及其碳含量的影响 |
| Effects of straw return and shallow drip irrigation on topsoil water-stable aggregates and carbon content in maize field |
| 投稿时间：2021-11-06 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2021-1281 |
| 中文关键词: 秸秆还田 灌溉方式 水稳性团聚体 土壤有机碳 土壤三相比 玉米 |
| 英文关键词: straw return irrigation method water-stable aggregate soil organic carbon soil three-phase ratio maize |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（32160509，32060435） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探明秸秆还田与灌溉方式对玉米田耕层土壤水稳性团聚体及其碳含量的影响，本研究于2019—2020年进行玉米秸秆还田定位试验，采用裂区设计，主处理设秸秆还田（S+）和秸秆离田（S-），副处理设传统畦灌（F）和浅埋滴灌（D），分析秸秆还田和不同灌溉方式下耕层土壤水稳性团聚体含量、稳定性及其有机碳固持变化特征。秸秆还田可显著提高耕层土壤0.25~5 mm粒径的水稳性团聚体含量，浅埋滴灌可显著提高0.25~1 mm粒径水稳性团聚体含量，秸秆还田与浅埋滴灌互作对>0.25 mm粒径的水稳性大团聚体含量的提高均有正效应；秸秆还田可显著提高>0.25 mm粒径的团聚体含量（R0.25），降低不稳定团粒指数（ELT），浅埋滴灌可显著提高团聚体平均质量直径（MWD），秸秆还田与浅埋滴灌互作可显著增加水稳性团聚体平均质量直径（MWD）和几何平均直径（GMD），从而提高团聚体稳定性；秸秆还田与浅埋滴灌互作效应还可显著提高0.5~3 mm粒径的水稳性大团聚体中有机碳含量，提高1~3 mm粒径水稳性大团聚体有机碳富集系数，从而提高土壤有机碳含量；秸秆还田、浅埋滴灌均可优化土壤三相比，且在吐丝期作用更为明显，秸秆还田与浅埋滴灌互作可显著提高土壤气相占比和广义土壤结构指数。秸秆还田与浅埋滴灌对提高耕层土壤水稳性大团聚体含量及其稳定性作用明显，可增加0.5~3 mm粒径水稳性大团聚体有机碳含量，提高其有机碳富集系数，优化土壤三相比。秸秆还田配合浅埋滴灌种植模式可作为改土培肥、提高耕地质量的种植方式。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| This study aimed to investigate the effects of straw return and irrigation methods on water-stable aggregates and carbon content in topsoil. A split-plot design was carried out from 2019 to 2020, with straw return（S+）and straw removal（S-）as the main treatment and conventional border irrigation（F）and shallow drip irrigation（D）as the secondary treatments. The change in the characteristics of topsoil water-stable aggregate stability and organic carbon fixation capacity under straw return and different irrigation methods were analyzed. The results showed that straw return could significantly increase the content of water-stable aggregates with a particle size of 0.25~5 mm in topsoil and shallow-buried drip irrigation could significantly increase the content of water-stable aggregates with a particle size of 0.25~1 mm. The interaction between straw return and shallow-buried drip irrigation had a positive effect on the content of water-stable aggregates with particle sizes greater than 0.25 mm. Straw return could significantly increase the aggregate content（R0.25）with particle size greater than 0.25 mm and reduce the unstable aggregate index（ELT）. Shallow-buried drip irrigation significantly increased the average mass diameter（MWD）of aggregates. The interaction between straw return and shallow-buried drip irrigation could significantly increase the average MWD and geometric average diameter of water-stable aggregates, thereby improving the stability of aggregates. The interaction of straw return and shallow drip irrigation could also significantly increase the organic carbon content in 0.5~3 mm water-stable macroaggregates and increase the organic carbon enrichment coefficient in 1~3 mm water-stable macro-aggregates, thereby increasing soil organic carbon content. Both straw return and shallow drip irrigation can optimize the soil three-phase ratio, and the effect is more visible in the silking stage. The interaction of straw return and shallow drip irrigation can significantly improve the soil gas phase ratio and generalized soil structure index. Thus, straw return and shallow-buried drip irrigation have significant effects on improving the content and stability of water-stable macroaggregates in topsoil, which can increase the organic carbon content of water-stable macroaggregates with a particle size of 0.5~3 mm and improve the organic carbon enrichment coefficient so as to improve the soil organic carbon content. By optimizing the three soil comparisons, the shallow-buried drip irrigation planting mode under straw return can be used as a planting mode to improve soil fertility and improve the quality of cultivated land. |
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