东江流域土壤重金属污染特征及潜在风险评价

黄志伟; 李文静; 李伟杰; 毛宇鹏; 房怀阳; 杜宏伟; 曾凡棠; 林澍

文章摘要

黄志伟,李文静,李伟杰,毛宇鹏,房怀阳,杜宏伟,曾凡棠,林澍.东江流域土壤重金属污染特征及潜在风险评价[J].农业环境科学学报,2022,41(3):504-515.

东江流域土壤重金属污染特征及潜在风险评价

Evaluation of heavy metal pollution characteristics and the potential risks of soil in the Dongjiang River basin

投稿时间：2021-10-27

DOI：10.11654/jaes.2021-1291

中文关键词: 东江流域重金属土地利用类型风险评价空间分布

英文关键词: Dongjiang River basin heavy metal land use type risk evaluation spatial distribution

基金项目:广东省重点领域研发计划项目(2020B1111350001);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务专项(PM-zx703-202104-082);国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2017ZX07301006)

作者	单位	E-mail
黄志伟	生态环境部华南环境科学研究所, 国家水环境模拟与污染控制重点实验室, 广东省水与大气重点实验室, 广州 510530
李文静	生态环境部华南环境科学研究所, 国家水环境模拟与污染控制重点实验室, 广东省水与大气重点实验室, 广州 510530
李伟杰	生态环境部华南环境科学研究所, 国家水环境模拟与污染控制重点实验室, 广东省水与大气重点实验室, 广州 510530
毛宇鹏	生态环境部华南环境科学研究所, 国家水环境模拟与污染控制重点实验室, 广东省水与大气重点实验室, 广州 510530
房怀阳	生态环境部华南环境科学研究所, 国家水环境模拟与污染控制重点实验室, 广东省水与大气重点实验室, 广州 510530
杜宏伟	生态环境部华南环境科学研究所, 国家水环境模拟与污染控制重点实验室, 广东省水与大气重点实验室, 广州 510530
曾凡棠	生态环境部华南环境科学研究所, 国家水环境模拟与污染控制重点实验室, 广东省水与大气重点实验室, 广州 510530
林澍	生态环境部华南环境科学研究所, 国家水环境模拟与污染控制重点实验室, 广东省水与大气重点实验室, 广州 510530	linshu@scies.org

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中文摘要:

为从流域尺度上探讨土壤重金属分布特征、土地利用对流域土壤重金属的影响及重金属来源等，以东江流域为研究区，采集全流域及不同土地利用方式下的表层土壤（0~30 cm）测定Zn、Cr、Pb、Cu和As含量，运用数理统计、地统计学、污染指数和风险指数法，分析全流域及不同土地利用类型土壤的重金属含量特征，评价其污染特征及潜在生态风险；运用克里金插值法进行重金属含量及污染风险空间分布研究；同时探讨了重金属的来源。结果表明：与“七五”背景值相比，东江流域表层土壤重金属呈现不同程度累积上升趋势。不同用地类型土壤重金属含量存在较大差异，但均属于中等变异性，总体上中上游各类重金属含量相对较高，其中龙门及和平-龙川-寻乌一带尤为突出。东江流域各重金属均值均低于国家二级标准（GB 15618—2018），单因子指数评价显示污染水平均为安全，内梅罗综合指数评价显示污染水平为安全且接近轻污染，流域平均综合潜在生态风险指数为55.6，属于低风险。东江流域土壤重金属主要有人为源和自然源两个来源，Pb、Zn及As可能同时受到工业污水排放、农药化肥、采矿、交通运输等人为源及自然源影响，而Cr、Cu可能主要受以土壤母质、大气沉降为主的自然源影响。研究表明，研究区域内土壤重金属呈不同程度累积上升趋势，但总体污染风险为低风险；不同用地类型土壤中重金属含量存在较大差异，总体上中上游较高；土壤重金属主要有人为源和自然源两个来源，部分重金属存在相似的来源途径。

英文摘要:

In order to investigate the distribution characteristics of heavy metals in the soil, the influence of land use and the sources of heavy metals from the watershed scale were investigated. In this paper, Zn, Cr, Pb, Cu, and As concentrations were measured in the surface soil(0~30 cm) of areas with different land uses in the basin wide of the Dongjiang River basin. Using mathematical statistics, geostatistical methods, a pollution index, and the risk index method, we analyzed the characteristics of heavy metal contents in soils from the whole river basin, across different land use types, and evaluated their pollution and potential ecological risks. The spatial distribution of heavy metal content and pollution risk was studied using kriging interpolation. Sources of heavy metals were also explored. The results show that compared with the background concentrations from 1986 to 1990, the surface soils in the Dongjiang River basin show different degrees of cumulative increase. There are large differences in the soil heavy metal content of different land types, all of which are of medium variability, and in general, the content of various types of heavy metals in the middle and upper reaches is relatively high, with the Longmen and Heping-Longchuan-Xunwu areas being particularly prominent. The average value of all types of heavy metals in the Dongjiang basin is lower than the national secondary standard, and the single factor index evaluation shows that the pollution level is safe. The comprehensive index evaluation of the Nemero index shows that the pollution level is safe and close to light pollution, and the average comprehensive potential ecological risk index of the basin is 55.6, which is low risk. Soil heavy metals in the Dongjiang basin come from two main sources:anthropogenic and natural sources. Pb, Zn, and As may be influenced by both anthropogenic and natural sources, such as industrial effluent discharge, pesticides, fertilizers, mining, and transportation, while Cr and Cu are likely more influenced by natural sources based on soil parent material and atmospheric deposition. This study indicates that soil heavy metals in the study area have different degrees of cumulative upward trends, but the overall pollution risk is low. The content of heavy metals in soils varies widely among different site types, and is generally higher in the middle and upper reaches of the Longmen and Heping-Longchuan-Xunwu areas. Soil heavy metals in the Dongjiang basin come from two main sources, anthropogenic and natural sources, and some heavy metals exist in similar source pathways.

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