| 吴伟健,陈艺杰,李高洋,张伟健,林海虹,蔺中,甄珍.水稻秸秆生物炭对镉污染农田中番茄产量和品质的影响机制[J].农业环境科学学报,2022,41(3):492-503. |
| 水稻秸秆生物炭对镉污染农田中番茄产量和品质的影响机制 |
| Effects of rice straw biochar on tomato yield and quality in farmland affected by Cd contamination |
| 投稿时间：2021-07-26 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2021-0846 |
| 中文关键词: 生物炭 镉 番茄 产量 土壤理化性质 |
| 英文关键词: biochar Cd tomato yield soil physicochemical properties |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(41977125,41907033);广东省自然科学基金项目(2019A1515011948,2018A030313131,2018A030307054) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探究不同比例生物炭对镉污染农田中番茄产量和品质及其体内镉累积的影响，以千禧番茄（Lycopersicon esculentumMill.）为材料，设计4个处理（CK：不添加生物炭；T1：1%生物炭；T2：3%生物炭；T3：5%生物炭），采用盆栽试验研究了不同处理下番茄根系、茎部和果实中镉的累积、产量与品质和土壤理化性质与酶活性的差异。结果表明：与CK处理相比，添加生物炭显著提高了番茄的产量和品质（维生素C、番茄红素、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖含量和糖酸比），其中T2处理的品质提升效果最显著，分别较CK处理提高了24.7%、114.4%、12.0%、37.4%和80.0%。添加生物炭可显著降低番茄体内（根系、茎部和果实）镉含量，其中T3处理的效果最显著，在生长末期，T3处理番茄根系、茎部和果实中的镉含量分别为1.31、0.33 mg·kg-1和0.03 mg·kg-1。此外，在番茄的整个生育期中添加生物炭可显著改善土壤理化性质（pH和腐殖质），提高土壤养分含量（碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾）和酶活性（脲酶、过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶和纤维素酶），其中在生长末期，T2处理的碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量和脲酶、过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶和纤维素酶活性显著高于其余处理，依次为47.42、165.85、167.76 mg·kg-1和6.28 mg·g-1·d-1、3.20 mg·g-1·20 min-1、1.07 mg·g-1·d-1和2.13 mg·g-1·d-1；T3处理对pH、腐殖质含量提高效果最为明显，分别为7.15和24.56 g·kg-1，但与T2处理无显著差异。研究表明，添加生物炭可显著降低番茄体内镉含量，改善土壤理化性质并提高土壤养分含量，进而提高番茄的产量和品质，其中以3%生物炭处理效果最佳。同时，添加生物炭显著提高了土壤的酶活性，改善土壤的生态环境。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| This study explored the effects of different proportions of biochar on the yield, quality, and Cd accumulation of a tomato species (Lycopersicon esculentum mill.) in Cd contaminated soil. The effects of biochar on these variables as well as the soil physicochemical properties and enzymes activities were studied using pot experiments under four treatments(CK:no biochar added; T1:1% biochar; T2:3% biochar; T3:5% biochar). The results showed that the tomato yield and quality were significantly improved by adding biochar. For instance, the quality parameters of vitamin C, lycopene, soluble protein, soluble sugar content, and sugar/acid ratio increased significantly by 24.7%, 114.4%, 12.0%, 37.4%, and 80.0%, respectively, in the T2 treatment compared with the CK treatment. Biochar addition effectively reduced the Cd contents of the tomato roots, stems, and fruit, with the most significant reductions observed in the T3 treatment. During the late fruit period, the Cd contents of the tomato roots, stems, and fruit in the T3 treatment were 1.31, 0.33 mg·kg-1, and 0.03 mg·kg-1, respectively. In addition, the biochar treatments alleviated Cd stress in soil and significantly enhanced the soil physicochemical properties(pH and humus), nutrient contents(alkali-hydrolysable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium), and enzymes activities(urease, catalase, sucrase, and cellulase) throughout the entire growth period. In the T2 treatment during the late fruit period, the contents of alkalihydrolysable nitrogen(47.42 mg·kg-1), available phosphorus(165.85 mg·kg-1), and available potassium(167.76 mg·kg-1) in soil, and the activities of urease(6.28 mg·g-1·d-1), catalase(3.20 mg·g-1·20 min-1), sucrase(1.07 mg·g-1·d-1), and cellulase(2.13 mg·g-1·d-1) were all significantly higher than those of the other treatments. The T3 treatment had the most significant effect on the pH and humus content of soil, but there was no significant difference with the T2 treatment, which were 7.15 and 24.56 g·kg-1, respectively. Biochar addition significantly reduced the Cd content in tomato plants, enhanced the soil physicochemical properties, and further increased the tomato yield and quality, with the best effects achieved in the 3% biochar treatment. Moreover, biochar addition significantly increased the soil enzymes activities and improved the soil ecological environment. |
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