| 卢九斤,聂易丰,魏娇娇,盛海彦,华明秀,许米聪,王永亮.不同施氮措施对枸杞园土壤NH3挥发和N2O排放的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2022,41(1):210-220. |
| 不同施氮措施对枸杞园土壤NH3挥发和N2O排放的影响 |
| Effects of different nitrogen application measures on NH3 volatilization and N2O emissions in a wolfberry orchard |
| 投稿时间：2021-06-18 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2021-0702 |
| 中文关键词: 枸杞 施氮量 2-氯-6(三氯甲基)-吡啶 NH3挥发 N2O排放 产量 |
| 英文关键词: wolfberry nitrogen application rate nitrapyrin NH3 volatilization N2O emission yield |
| 基金项目:青海省科技厅科技国际合作专项(2020-HZ-805); 青海省部共建三江源生态与高原农牧业国家重点实验室开放基金项目(2020-KF-001) |
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| 中文摘要: |
为明确适宜氮肥用量配施硝化抑制剂对柴达木枸杞园土壤NH3挥发和N2O排放的影响, 在柴达木地区枸杞园开展研究，共设置9个处理：N667、N534、N400、N267、N133、N0处理分别表示施用纯氮667、534、400、267、133、0 kg·hm-2，N400I2.00、N267I1.33、N133I0.67处理分别表示在N400、N267、N133处理基础上配施2-氯-6（三氯甲基）-吡啶（nitrapyrin）2.00、1.33、0.67 kg·hm-2，采用通气法和静态暗箱法采集NH3和NO2，连续流动分析仪和气相色谱仪测定气体含量。结果表明：NH3挥发速率与累积量均随施氮量的增加而增加，相同施氮量下配施硝化抑制剂对NH3挥发无显著影响。N667处理2019年及2020年的NH3挥发速率峰值分别为0.48 kg·hm-2·d-1和0.57 kg·hm-2·d-1，NH3挥发累积量分别为34.49 kg·hm-2和35.11 kg·hm-2，显著高于其他处理。两年相同施氮量处理下配施与未配施硝化抑制剂处理的NH3挥发累积量均无显著差异；N400I2.00、N267I1.33、N133I0.67处理较农民习惯施氮（N667）处理显著降低了N2O排放。2019年和2020年N667处理的N2O累积排放量较N400处理分别增加了43.10%、16.11%，N400I2.00、N267I1.33、N133I0.67处理的N2O累积排放量较N400、N267、N133处理降低了28.52%~41.37%。2019年和2020年N400I2.00处理的产量较N667处理显著提高了9.26%及6.67%，且净收益提高了9.80%、7.10%。研究表明，与农民习惯施氮量相比，减施氮肥且配施硝化抑制剂可显著降低NH3挥发和N2O排放，同时可提高枸杞产量与经济效益。施氮量为400 kg·hm-2且配施nitrapyrin 2.00 kg·hm-2为柴达木高肥力枸杞园较优的施氮组合。 ![]() |
| 英文摘要: |
| To clarify the effects of an optimum N application rate combined with nitrification inhibitor addition on NH3 volatilization and N2O emissions from soil in a wolfberry orchard in Qaidam, nine treatments were conducted, i.e., N667, N534, N400, N267, N133, and N0(N: 667, 534, 400, 267, 133 kg·hm-2, and 0 kg·hm-2, respectively)and N400I2.00, N267I1.33, N133I0.67(N400, N267, and N133 treatments combined nitrapyrin with 2.00, 1.33, and 0.67 kg·hm-2, respectively). The venting method and static chamber-gas chromatography were used to evaluate the soil NH3 volatilization and N2O emissions, and the gas content was determined by a continuous flow analyzer and gas chromatograph. The results showed that the NH3 volatilization rate and accumulation NH3 volatilization increased significantly as the N fertilizer rate increased. Nitrapyrin addition had no significant influence on NH3 volatilization. The maximum NH3 volatilization rate of the N667 treatment in 2019 and 2020 was 0.48 kg·hm-2·d-1 and 0.57 kg·hm-2·d-1, respectively, and the NH3 accumulation was 34.49 kg·hm-2 and 35.11 kg·hm-2, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in other treatments. Moreover, there was no significant difference in NH3 volatilization accumulation between the same N application rate treatment and nitrification inhibitor addition treatment in two years. In contrast to the N fertilizer rate used by farmers(N667), N400I2.00, N267I1.33, N133I0.67 treatments significantly decreased the N2O emissions. In comparison to the N2O accumulation of the N667 treatment, that of the N400 treatment decreased by 43.09% and 16.11% in 2019 and 2020, respectively. Moreover, compared with that of the N400, N267, N133 treatments, the cumulative N2O emission of the N400I2.00, N267I1.33, N133I0.67 treatments was significantly reduced by 28.52%~41.37%. The wolfberry yield of the N400I2.00 treatment in 2019 and 2020 significantly increased by 9.26% and 6.67%, respectively, and the net income increased by 9.80% and 7.10%, respectively, in contrast to those of the N667 treatment. The results indicate that compared with the N application rate used by farmers, reducing the N application and nitrapyrin addition rates can significantly decrease NH3 volatilization and N2O emissions. The combination of N 400 kg·hm-2 and nitrapyrin 2.00 kg·hm-2 is optimal to achieve a fertile wolfberry orchard in Qaidam. |
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