文章摘要
肖坤,田小辉,蒋珍茂,魏世强.镉钝化剂筛选及其对中微量元素有效性的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2022,41(1):55-65.
镉钝化剂筛选及其对中微量元素有效性的影响
Screening of cadmium passivator and its effect on the availability of medium and trace elements
投稿时间:2021-04-20  
DOI:10.11654/jaes.2021-0469
中文关键词: 钝化剂  Cd  中微量元素  有效性
英文关键词: passivator  cadmium  medium and trace element  availability
基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目(SQ2020YFF0426438);国家自然科学基金项目(41771347)
作者单位E-mail
肖坤 西南大学资源环境学院重庆 400715
重庆市农业资源与环境研究重点实验室重庆 400715 
 
田小辉 西南大学资源环境学院重庆 400715
重庆市农业资源与环境研究重点实验室重庆 400715 
 
蒋珍茂 西南大学资源环境学院重庆 400715
重庆市农业资源与环境研究重点实验室重庆 400715 
 
魏世强 西南大学资源环境学院重庆 400715
重庆市农业资源与环境研究重点实验室重庆 400715 
sqwei@swu.edu.cn 
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中文摘要:
      为明确不同钝化剂对重金属Cd的钝化率及其对中微量元素有效性的影响,筛选对Cd具有较高钝化率且对中微量元素具有较低活性影响的钝化剂,以重庆市典型农田土壤紫色土为供试土壤,采用室内培养实验,同步比较文献报道的18种常见钝化剂对Cd的钝化率,进而分析其中的高效率钝化剂不同剂量水平对Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn有效性的影响。结果表明,供试钝化剂按照其文献推荐用量,对本底土壤中Cd钝化率高低顺序依次为:生物质炭、氧化钙、氢氧化钙、蚕沙、腐植酸、沸石,其钝化率 > 47%;在高Cd污染土壤中依次为:氧化钙、蚕沙、生物质炭、氢氧化钙、腐植酸、沸石,其钝化率 > 72%。多数无机钝化剂在钝化Cd的同时降低了中微量元素有效性,而腐植酸、蚕沙可实现钝化Cd的同时维持或提高Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn的有效性。综合钝化剂的钝化率及其对中微量元素有效性的影响,几种钝化剂推荐施加量分别为:沸石3.2%,腐植酸1.5%,生物质炭2%,氧化钙0.4%,氢氧化钙4%,蚕沙4%。实际应用时应综合考虑土壤的基本性质、中微量元素有效态含量,适当补充中微量元素或配合其他钝化剂施用。
英文摘要:
      This study investigated the effectiveness of 18 different passivators on cadmium(Cd) activity and medium trace elements availability in order to screen for an efficient passivator that can effectively inactivate Cd, while only having a slight impact on trace elements availability. An indoor test method was used where the test soil was the typical purple soil in Chongqing City. The effectiveness of these common passivators on Cd was compared, and highly effective passivators were selected to further investigate their impact on the availability of iron, manganese, copper, and zinc at different concentrations. The results showed that the passivation effectiveness of Cd in naturally contaminated soil with efficiencies > 47% occurred in the following descending order: biochar > calcium oxide > calcium hydroxide > silkworm fence > humic acid > zeolite, as per the recommended dosage. Furthermore, the passivation effectiveness of Cd in highly polluted soils with efficiencies > 72% occurred in the following descending order: calcium oxide > silkworm fence > biochar > calcium hydroxide > humic acid > zeolite. Most of the inorganic passivators in this study decreased the availability of the medium trace elements during the passivation of Cd. However, humic acid and the silkworm fence were able to maintain or increase the availability of iron, manganese, copper, and zinc. Based on the influence of the passivator on the medium trace element availability, the recommended dosages of passivators were 3.2% zeolite, 1.5% humic acid, 2% biochar, 0.4% calcium oxide, 4% calcium hydroxide, and 4% silkworm fence. As such, it is recommended that the basic soil quality is considered and the available contents to supplement microelements are used; alternatively, other passivants may be utilized concurrently when applying passivation to treat heavy metal-contaminated soil.
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