秸秆与缓控释肥配施对双季稻田氨挥发的控制效果

肖其亮; 朱坚; 彭华; 简燕; 纪雄辉

文章摘要

肖其亮,朱坚,彭华,简燕,纪雄辉.秸秆与缓控释肥配施对双季稻田氨挥发的控制效果[J].农业环境科学学报,2021,40(12):2788-2800.

秸秆与缓控释肥配施对双季稻田氨挥发的控制效果

Effects of controlled release fertilizer combined with rice straw on ammonia volatilization from doublecropping rice fields

投稿时间：2021-03-16

DOI：10.11654/jaes.2021-0318

中文关键词: 秸秆还田缓释肥控释肥双季稻氨挥发田面水

英文关键词: straw returning slow-release fertilizer controlled release fertilizer double-cropping rice ammonia volatilization field water

基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2018YFD0800501）

作者	单位	E-mail
肖其亮	湖南大学研究生院隆平分院, 长沙 410125
朱坚	湖南省农业环境生态研究所, 长沙 410125 农业部长江中游平原农业环境重点实验室, 长沙 410125 农田土壤重金属污染防控与修复湖南省重点实验室, 长沙 410125 湖南省洞庭湖流域农业面源污染防治工程技术研究中心, 长沙 410125
彭华	湖南省农业环境生态研究所, 长沙 410125 农业部长江中游平原农业环境重点实验室, 长沙 410125 农田土壤重金属污染防控与修复湖南省重点实验室, 长沙 410125 湖南省洞庭湖流域农业面源污染防治工程技术研究中心, 长沙 410125
简燕	湖南省农业环境生态研究所, 长沙 410125 农业部长江中游平原农业环境重点实验室, 长沙 410125 农田土壤重金属污染防控与修复湖南省重点实验室, 长沙 410125 湖南省洞庭湖流域农业面源污染防治工程技术研究中心, 长沙 410125
纪雄辉	湖南大学研究生院隆平分院, 长沙 410125 湖南省农业环境生态研究所, 长沙 410125 农业部长江中游平原农业环境重点实验室, 长沙 410125 农田土壤重金属污染防控与修复湖南省重点实验室, 长沙 410125 湖南省洞庭湖流域农业面源污染防治工程技术研究中心, 长沙 410125	1546861600@qq.com

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中文摘要:

为减少双季稻田氨（NH₃）挥发损失，以农民常规施肥采取的尿素一次性表施（CF）为对照，在氮肥深施条件下，设置秸秆还田（R₁）、秸秆移除（R₀）两种水稻秸秆利用方式和常规尿素（CU）、包膜尿素减量（PU）、控释尿素减量（LU） 3种不同施肥模式，研究了在双季稻种植模式下深施、秸秆利用方式及施肥模式对稻田田面水氮浓度、pH值及NH₃挥发损失的影响。结果表明：早、晚稻NH₃挥发均主要发生在施肥后一周，且晚稻NH₃挥发量远大于早稻。不同施肥处理双季稻NH₃挥发总量依次为CF>CUR₀>CUR₁>LUR₀>LUR₁>PUR₀>PUR₁；秸秆利用方式显著影响NH₃挥发，但对田面水氮素浓度影响较小。与R₀处理相比，R₁处理NH₃挥发显著降低了8.67%；施肥模式显著影响NH₃挥发和田面水氮素浓度。与CU处理相比，PU和LU处理NH₃挥发分别显著降低了75.68%和39.14%；秸秆利用方式与施肥管理交互作用显著，其中R₁与PU结合效果最佳，PUR₁处理较PUR₀处理可降低15.07%的NH₃挥发。研究表明，适当降低施氮水平，采取包膜尿素深施并搭配秸秆还田的施肥管理模式，是具环境友好性的氮肥管理模式。

英文摘要:

This study evaluated seven treatments to reduce ammonia(NH₃) volatilization in double-cropping rice fields. These included two straw utilization methods[straw returning(R₁) and straw removal(R₀)] and three deep fertilization modes[conventional urea(CU), coated urea reduction(PU), and controlled urea reduction(LU)]. Conventional fertilization[surface application of urea(CF)] was used as a control. The effects of deep fertilization, straw utilization, and fertilization modes on surface water nitrogen concentrations, pH, and NH₃ volatilization dynamics were investigated. Results of the study show that NH₃ volatilization from early and late rice fields occurred primarily within one week of fertilization. Moreover, late rice fields exhibited considerably large NH₃ volatilization than early rice fields. Total NH₃ volatilization rates from treatment combinations of CF, CUR₀, CUR₁, PUR₀, PUR₁, LUR₀, and LUR₁ in double-cropping rice fields are:CF> CUR₀>CUR₁>LUR₀>LUR₁> PUR₀>PUR₁. Straw returning significantly affected NH₃ volatilization, but had a negligible effect on nitrogen concentrations in field water. Compared to the R₀ treatment, the NH₃ volatilization with the R₁ treatment was measurably reduced(by 8.67%). The fertilization mode significantly affects NH₃ volatilization and nitrogen concentration in field water. Compared with the CU treatment, the NH₃ volatilization from the PU and LU treatments was substantially reduced(by 75.68% and 39.14%, respectively). Moreover, there was a significant interaction between the straw returning method and fertilization mode. The combination of R 1 and PU produced the best results. Compared to the PUR₀ treatment, the PUR₁ treatment reduced NH₃ volatilization by 15.07%. Results suggested that the combination of reduced nitrogen fertilizer, deep fertilization of coated urea, and straw returning is an effective and environmentally friendly strategy for nitrogen management in double-cropping rice production.

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