| 鲍广灵,陶荣浩,张慧敏,叶文玲,胡兆云,周彩玲,马友华.硫铁矿区污染土壤镉铅高富集蓖麻品种筛选[J].农业环境科学学报,2021,40(12):2693-2703. |
| 硫铁矿区污染土壤镉铅高富集蓖麻品种筛选 |
| Screening of castor beans with high cadmium and lead enrichment from contaminated soils in a pyrite mining area |
| 投稿时间：2021-04-15 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2021-0449 |
| 中文关键词: 蓖麻 土壤 Cd Pb 累积与转运 品种筛选 |
| 英文关键词: castor oil plant soil cadmium lead accumulation and transportation varieties screening |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2018YFD0800203）；国家重点研发计划项目子课题（2016YFD0801104）；安徽省科技重大攻关项目（17030701053） |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 鲍广灵 | 农田生态保育与污染防控安徽省重点实验室, 安徽农业大学资源与环境学院, 合肥 230036 | | | 陶荣浩 | 农田生态保育与污染防控安徽省重点实验室, 安徽农业大学资源与环境学院, 合肥 230036 | | | 张慧敏 | 农田生态保育与污染防控安徽省重点实验室, 安徽农业大学资源与环境学院, 合肥 230036 | | | 叶文玲 | 农田生态保育与污染防控安徽省重点实验室, 安徽农业大学资源与环境学院, 合肥 230036 | | | 胡兆云 | 铜陵市义安区农业技术推广中心, 安徽 铜陵 244000 | | | 周彩玲 | 铜陵市义安区农业技术推广中心, 安徽 铜陵 244000 | | | 马友华 | 农田生态保育与污染防控安徽省重点实验室, 安徽农业大学资源与环境学院, 合肥 230036 | yhma2020@qq.com |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 蓖麻（Ricinus communis L.）是一种有价值的能源作物，筛选适合在硫铁矿区严格管控类耕地上种植的Cd、Pb高富集蓖麻品种，可以合理地利用污染农田且能生产生物能源。选取18个蓖麻品种，通过大田试验，研究Cd、Pb胁迫下蓖麻的生物量及产量、根际土壤Cd、Pb含量及不同蓖麻品种Cd、Pb的提取量、富集与转运差异、根际土壤重金属有效态等。结果表明，不同蓖麻品种的全株生物量及果实的产量之间差异明显；重金属Cd、Pb在蓖麻不同组织的分布情况均为根>茎>叶>壳>籽粒，18个品种蓖麻Cd的富集系数均大于1，Pb的富集系数均小于1，同一个品种茎叶Cd的转运系数均高于果实Cd转运系数，茎叶Pb的转运系数除BM-6外，均高于果实Pb的转运系数； Cd的最大提取量为42.67 mg·株-1，Pb的最大提取量为1 482.22mg·株-1；根际土壤有效态Cd、Pb含量均高于背景值，有效态Cd含量为1.25~2.82 mg·kg-1，有效态Pb含量为72.20~108.79 mg·kg-1；通过聚类分析，品种BM-6、BM-7、BM-11、BM-13、BM-15和BM-18为蓖麻Cd、Pb高富集的品种。根据蓖麻生物量和产量，植株Cd、Pb含量及提取量，富集及转运系数，根际土壤有效态及酶活性等指标进行综合评价，认为BM-2、BM-6、BM-7、BM-15和BM-18共5个品种可作为Cd、Pb高富集蓖麻品种在严格管控类耕地上推广种植，其中效果最好的品种是BM-18。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Castor(Ricinus communis L.) is a valuable energy crop. Cd and Pb highly enriched castor varieties are suitable for planting on tightly controlled cultivated land in the pyrite mining area. The cultivation of this crop enables the resourceful use of polluted farmland to produce bio-energy. Eighteen castor-oil plant varieties were selected through field experiments to study the biomass and yield of castor-oil plants under the Cd and Pb stress. This was done by measuring the content of Cd and Pb in the soil rhizosphere and determining the difference in the extraction, enrichment and transportation of Cd and Pb in different castor varieties. We also evaluated the effective state of these heavy metals in the soil rhizosphere. The result showed clear differences in the entire plant biomass and fruit yield of different castor varieties. The distribution of Cd and Pb in different tissues of castor in descending order was:root > stem > leaf > husk > grain. Eighteen species of castor were rich in Cd and Pb; the accumulation coefficients of Cd were >1, and the enrichment coefficients of Pb were <1. The Cd transport coefficients for the stems and leaves of the same variety were greater than the Cd transport coefficients for the fruits. Similarly, the Pb transport coefficients for the stems and leaves were higher than that of fruit, with the exception of BM6. The maximum Cd extraction was 42.67 mg·plant-1 and the maximum Pb extraction was 1 482.22 mg·plant-1. The available Cd and Pb content in rhizosphere soil was higher than the background value; the available Cd and Pb contents were 1.25~2.82 mg·kg-1 and 72.20~108.79 mg·kg-1, respectively. Cluster analysis showed that the BM -6, BM-7, BM-11, BM-13, BM-15, and BM-18 varieties had higher Cd and Pb enrichment. The plant biomass and yield, Cd and Pb content, extraction, enrichment and transport coefficients, soil rhizosphere available state, enzymatic activity, and other indicators were used to comprehensively evaluate the best plant varieties. The results showed that BM-2, BM-6, BM-7, BM-15, and BM-18 might be used as highly enriched Cd and Pb castor varieties to be popularized and planted on strictly controlled arable land; among these, the best variety was BM-18. |
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