| 朱荣,柳丽丽,齐永波,穆静,蒋东,章力干,郜红建.稻田氨挥发和水稻产量对增效复合肥减氮施用的响应[J].农业环境科学学报,2021,40(9):1935-1943. |
| 稻田氨挥发和水稻产量对增效复合肥减氮施用的响应 |
| Responses of ammonia volatilization and grain yield to nitrogen reduction with synergistic compound fertilizer in a paddy field |
| 投稿时间：2021-01-25 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2021-0104 |
| 中文关键词: 氨挥发 增效复合肥 减氮 产量 稻田 |
| 英文关键词: ammonia volatilization synergistic compound fertilizer nitrogen reduction yield paddy field |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFD0200402，2018YFD0800301） |
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| 摘要点击次数: 1130 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 通过田间试验研究3种增效复合肥（腐植酸、氨基酸及海藻酸复合肥）减氮施用对稻田氨挥发、氮素利用率和产量的影响，为探究增效复合肥的高效利用并评价其环境效应提供科学依据。田间试验设不施肥（CK）、常规施肥（CF）、常规施肥减氮20%（CR）、腐植酸复合肥减氮20%（HR）、氨基酸复合肥减氮20%（AR）和海藻酸复合肥减氮20%（SR） 6个处理。采用密闭式间歇通气法测定施肥后氨挥发通量，于水稻成熟期测产，测定植株吸氮量并计算氮素利用率。结果表明：氨挥发主要发生在基肥和分蘖肥施用后。与CF处理相比，CR、HR、AR、SR处理均显著降低了稻田氨挥发损失总量（P<0.05），降低幅度为38.9%~54.7%；且与CR处理相比，增效复合肥减氮处理AR与SR的氨挥发损失总量分别显著降低20.5%和25.8%。此外，田面水NH4+-N浓度是影响氨挥发的重要因素，减氮条件下田面水NH4+-N浓度降低，其中3种增效复合肥减氮处理田面水NH4+-N平均浓度较CR处理降低了5.5%~18.7%。减氮条件下，增效复合肥处理（HR、AR与SR）的植株吸氮量较CR处理显著提高20.0%~31.8%（P<0.05）。而且，HR、AR与SR处理的氮素利用率均显著高于CF和CR处理（P<0.05）。对比CF处理的产量，3种增效复合肥减氮处理的产量没有显著降低；同一减氮水平下，HR、AR与SR的产量均显著高于CR处理，增幅为4.4%~4.8%（P<0.05）。研究表明，增效复合肥减氮施用均可有效降低稻田氨挥发损失，并具有较好的稳产效应，其中以氨基酸和海藻酸增效复合肥效果更为明显。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| A field experiment was performed to explore the effects of nitrogen reduction application of three compound fertilizers(humic acid, amino acid, and alginic acid synergistic compound fertilizer) on ammonia volatilization, nitrogen use efficiency, and grain yield to provide a scientific basis for exploring the efficient utilization of compound fertilizer and evaluating its environmental effects. The field experiment was performed in a paddy field located in Zhenjiang Institute of Agricultural Sciences. Six treatments were set up, namely without fertilization(CK), conventional fertilization(CF), conventional fertilization with 20% nitrogen reduction(CR), humic acid synergistic compound fertilizer with 20% nitrogen reduction(HR), amino acid synergistic compound fertilizer with 20% nitrogen reduction (AR), and alginic acid synergistic compound fertilizer with 20% nitrogen reduction(SR). The ammonia volatilization flux after fertilization was measured by the closed intermittent ventilation method. Rice yield, nitrogen uptake, and nitrogen use efficiency were measured at the rice maturity stage. The results showed that ammonia volatilization mainly occurred after the application of basal fertilizer and tillering fertilizer. Compared with the CF treatment, the CR, HR, AR, and SR treatments significantly reduced the total ammonia volatilization loss by 38.9%~54.7%. Compared with that of the CR treatment, the total ammonia volatilization loss of the AR and SR treatments decreased by 20.5% and 25.8%, respectively. The concentration of NH4+-N in the surface water was an important factor in ammonia volatilization, which was significantly reduced by the nitrogen reduction fertilization treatments. The average NH4+-N concentration in the surface water of the three synergistic compound fertilizer treatments decreased by 5.5%~18.7% compared with that of the CR treatment. Under the nitrogen reduction conditions, the plant nitrogen uptake under the synergistic compound fertilizer treatments(HR, AR, and SR) was significantly increased by 20.0%~31.8% compared with that in the CR treatment. Moreover, the nitrogen use efficiencies of the HR, AR, and SR treatments were significantly higher than those of the CF and CR treatments. The grain yields of the three synergistic compound fertilizer treatments(HR, AR, and SR) were not significantly reduced compared with that of the CF treatment. Under the same nitrogen reduction level, the yields of the three synergistic compound fertilizer treatments(HR, AR, and SR) were significantly higher than that of the CR treatment(increased by 4.4%~4.8%). These findings show that ammonia volatilization is significantly decreased by the treatments of synergistic compound fertilizer combined with nitrogen reduction application, whereas the grain yield is not differentially affected, especially by the treatment of amino acid and alginic acid synergistic compound fertilizer combined with nitrogen reduction application. |
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