| 耿宇聪,张涛,王洪媛,李俊改,翟丽梅,杨波,刘宏斌.不同形态猪粪储用过程的气态氮损失特征[J].农业环境科学学报,2021,40(8):1818-1828. |
| 不同形态猪粪储用过程的气态氮损失特征 |
| Characteristics of gaseous nitrogen loss during the storage and application process of different forms of swine manure |
| 投稿时间：2021-01-24 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2021-0096 |
| 中文关键词: 猪粪 氮素利用率 氨挥发 氧化亚氮排放 气态氮损失 |
| 英文关键词: swine manure nitrogen use efficiency ammonia volatilization nitrous oxide emission gaseous nitrogen loss |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（31972519） |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 耿宇聪 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所, 农业农村部面源污染控制重点实验室, 北京 100081 | | | 张涛 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所, 农业农村部面源污染控制重点实验室, 北京 100081 | | | 王洪媛 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所, 农业农村部面源污染控制重点实验室, 北京 100081 | wanghongyuan@caas.cn | | 李俊改 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所, 农业农村部面源污染控制重点实验室, 北京 100081 | | | 翟丽梅 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所, 农业农村部面源污染控制重点实验室, 北京 100081 | | | 杨波 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所, 农业农村部面源污染控制重点实验室, 北京 100081 | | | 刘宏斌 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所, 农业农村部面源污染控制重点实验室, 北京 100081 | |
|
| 摘要点击次数: 1415 |
| 全文下载次数: 1173 |
| 中文摘要: |
| 为探讨不同形态猪粪短期存储和施用全过程的气态氮（N）损失特征，优化猪粪清储模式，以猪粪生浆液（PS）、固液分离液态组分（LF）、固液分离固态组分（SF）和风干猪粪（DM）为研究对象，利用原位气体采集法和盆栽试验，针对粪肥气态氮损失主要形式——NH3挥发和N2O排放，开展了不同形态猪粪存储及施用过程中的气态氮损失特征研究，并比较了4种形态猪粪施用后生菜产量和氮素利用效率（NUE）。结果表明：存储和施用全过程中，各形态猪粪的总气态氮损失达12.4%~20.9%，其中PS最高，SF最低；气态氮损失主要发生在存储/风干过程，占总气态氮损失的58.6%~76.3%。不同形态猪粪存储/施用过程的气态氮损失形态差异显著，在存储过程，LF和DM以NH3挥发为主，分别占存储过程气态氮损失的71.5%和49.8%，而PS（38.0%）和SF（31.4%）的NH3挥发占比相对较低；在施用过程，LF的气态氮损失依然以NH3挥发为主，排放系数达到9.7%，其他形态猪粪NH3挥发排放系数仅为3.3%~3.9%。SF经存储初级发酵后施用的资源化利用模式效果最优，其生菜产量（33.2 t·hm-2）及NUE最高，而等N施用下LF和PS对作物生长具有抑制作用。猪粪施用后N2O排放带来的增温潜势达2.01~4.26 t CO2e·hm-2，具有较高的温室效应。综上，猪粪的清储模式宜选择干清粪或者固液分离模式，液态部分可通过酸化等方式降低NH3挥发损失，而固态组分可在简单堆肥发酵处理后进行农田资源化利用。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The study aimed to better understand the characteristics of gaseous nitrogen loss during short-time storage and application process of different forms of swine manure, and optimize the mode of cleaning and storage. Raw pig slurry(PS), liquid-form(LF), and solid-form components(SF) after solid-liquid separation and dried pig manure(DM) were used as the research objects. The in situ gas gathering method and pot experiment were used, focusing on the manure gaseous nitrogen(N) loss, mainly NH3 volatilization and N2O emissions. Moreover, the yield and nitrogen use efficiency(NUE) of lettuce were compared after the application of four forms of pig manure. The results showed that during the process of storage and application, the total gaseous N loss of various forms of pig manure was 12.4%~20.9%, of which PS was the highest and SF the lowest; the gaseous N loss mainly occurred in the storage and air drying process, accounting for 58.6% to 76.3% of the total gaseous N loss. There were significant differences in the forms of gaseous N loss in different forms of pig manure storage and application. The main factor in LF and DM in the storage process was NH3 volatilization, accounting for 71.5% and 49.8% of the gaseous N loss, respectively, while the proportion of NH3 volatilization in PS(38.0%) and SF(31.4%) was relatively low. During the application process, the gaseous N loss of LF was dominated by NH3 volatilization, and the emission coefficient reached 9.7%, while the emission coefficient of other forms of pig manure was only 3.3% to 3.9%. The optimal resource utilization mode is the storage and primary fermentation of solid components after solid-liquid separation of pig manure. The yield of lettuce(33.2 t·hm-2) and NUE of SF treatment were the highest, while LF and PS had inhibitory effects on crop growth under equal N application. The warming potential caused by N2O emission after the application of pig manure was 2.01~4.26 t CO2e·hm-2, which has a high greenhouse effect. In conclusion, dry manure cleaning or solid-liquid separation mode should be selected for swine manure. Ammonia volatilization loss can be reduced in the liquid using different methods such as acidification, while the solid can be used as a farmland resource after simple composting. |
| HTML
查看全文
查看/发表评论 下载PDF阅读器 |
|
|
|
