基于猕猴桃树体养分携出量确定果园合理施肥量——以周至县俞家河流域为例

路永莉; 周建斌; 海龙; 高晶波; 张春红; 李林芝; 冯家玉

文章摘要

路永莉,周建斌,海龙,高晶波,张春红,李林芝,冯家玉.基于猕猴桃树体养分携出量确定果园合理施肥量——以周至县俞家河流域为例[J].农业环境科学学报,2021,40(8):1765-1772.

基于猕猴桃树体养分携出量确定果园合理施肥量——以周至县俞家河流域为例

Determination of optimal fertilizer quantities based on nutrient removal in kiwi vines: A case study of Yujiahe catchment, in Zhouzhi County

投稿时间：2021-02-22

DOI：10.11654/jaes.2021-0206

中文关键词: 猕猴桃果园养分含量养分携出量施肥量

英文关键词: kiwi orchard nutrient content nutrient uptake fertilization

基金项目:公招博士科研启动基金（2017RCZX-33）；甘肃省高等学校创新基金项目（2021B-126）；学科建设专项基金项目（GAU-XKJS-2018-196）

作者	单位
路永莉	甘肃农业大学资源与环境学院, 兰州 730070
周建斌	西北农林科技大学资源环境学院/农业农村部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室, 陕西杨凌 712100
海龙	甘肃农业大学资源与环境学院, 兰州 730070
高晶波	西北农林科技大学资源环境学院/农业农村部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室, 陕西杨凌 712100
张春红	甘肃农业大学资源与环境学院, 兰州 730070
李林芝	甘肃农业大学资源与环境学院, 兰州 730070
冯家玉	白银市平川区宝积镇人民政府, 甘肃白银 730913

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中文摘要:

为定量年生长周期内猕猴桃树体各器官养分含量及养分携出量，确定猕猴桃果园年养分需求量和合理施肥量，在猕猴桃年生长周期内采集秦美、哑特和华优3个品种猕猴桃树体各器官样品，测定养分含量，计算养分携出量。同时在参照研究区成龄果园树体养分贮藏量的基础上，通过果园养分吸收量推算猕猴桃果园合理施肥量。结果表明：不同品种猕猴桃果实产量、单果质量、单叶质量及叶个数、枝条修剪量间均没有显著差异，各器官氮（N）、磷（P）、钾（K）养分含量亦无显著差异。猕猴桃果园每生长1 kg叶片吸收的养分量为N 2.81 g、P 0.31 g、K 2.13 g；每收获1 kg鲜果移出的养分量为N 1.40 g、P 0.47 g、K 2.23 g；每修剪1 kg枝条移出的养分量为N 3.70 g、P 0.47 g、K 2.94 g。年生长周期内果园因叶片吸收、果实收获、枝条修剪和树体贮藏的总养分量为N 162 kg·hm^-2·a^-1、P 36 kg·hm^-2·a^-1、K 146 kg·hm^-2·a^-1，其中来自肥料的养分为N 38.0 kg·hm^-2·a^-1、P 5.4 kg·hm^-2·a^-1、K 20.0 kg·hm^-2·a^-1。研究表明，不同品种成龄猕猴桃果园的推荐施肥量均为N 380 kg·hm^-2·a^-1、P 77 kg·hm^-2·a^-1、K 87 kg·hm^-2·a^-1，N：P₂O₅：K₂O为1：0.5：0.3。

英文摘要:

The objective of this study was to determine the annual nutrient requirement of kiwi vines by quantifying their nutrient content and uptake during the annual growth cycle, providing a scientific basis for rational fertilization in kiwi orchards. The different kiwi vine organ samples were collected during the annual kiwi vine growth cycle, the nutrient content was analyzed, and the nutrient uptake by the different organs was calculated. The recommended fertilization amount for kiwi orchards was then calculated in Yujiahe catchment based on the nutrient storage capacity of mature orchards. The results indicated no significant differences in the fruit yield, single fruit weight, single-leaf weight, leaf number, and branch pruning among the three kiwifruit varieties in the research area. Moreover, no significant differences could be observed in the N, P, and K nutrient contents in the various organs and in the fruit yield, leaf number, and branch pruning. In the kiwifruit orchard, 2.81, 0.31, and 2.13 g N, P, and K were absorbed by 1 kg leaves, 1.40, 0.47, and 2.23 g N, P, and K were removed by the harvest of 1 kg fresh fruits, and 3.70, 0.47, and 2.94 g N, P, and K were removed by the pruning of 1 kg branches, respectively. During the annual growth cycle, the total N, P, and K nutrient uptake from leaf absorption, fruit harvest, branch pruning, and tree storage were 162, 36, and 146 kg·hm^-2·a^-1, respectively, among which the applied fertilizer-derived nutrients were 38.0, 5.4, and 20.0 kg·hm^-2·a^-1, respectively. In conclusion, the different kiwifruit varieties could be fertilized using the same recommended fertilizer quantities comprising 380 kg·hm^-2·a^-1 of N, 77 kg·hm^-2·a^-1 of P, and 87 kg·hm^-2·a^-1 of K, with the N, P₂O₅, K₂O ratio of 1:0.5:0.3.

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