| 时馨竹,孙丽娜,李珍,吕良禾.沈阳周边农田土壤中微塑料组成与分布[J].农业环境科学学报,2021,40(7):1498-1508. |
| 沈阳周边农田土壤中微塑料组成与分布 |
| Composition and distribution of microplastics in farmland soil around Shenyang |
| 投稿时间：2021-01-04 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2021-0006 |
| 中文关键词: 微塑料组成 微塑料分布 农田土壤 沈阳市 |
| 英文关键词: composition of microplastics distribution of microplastics farmland soil Shenyang City |
| 基金项目:国家重点基础研究发展计划项目（2014CB441106） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为明确沈阳周边农田土壤微塑料的形态、物质组成及其空间分布特征，以沈阳周边农田土壤为研究区，共设置23个采样点，采集了84个土壤样品，采用密度分离浮选法提取出土壤中微塑料，利用光学显微镜以及热裂解气相色谱-质谱联用仪（Py-GC/MS），对土壤中的微塑料进行形态鉴定和定性定量分析。结果表明：研究区土壤中微塑料物理性状分为薄膜状、碎片状、纤维状和颗粒状；土壤中微塑料的浓度为217.30~2 512.18 μg·g-1，平均值为1 327.69 μg·g-1。其中，聚乙烯（PE）微塑料的浓度最高，平均值为760.03 μg·g-1；其次为聚丙烯（PP）和聚苯乙烯（PS），平均值分别为374.07 μg·g-1和193.59 μg·g-1；土壤中微塑料浓度在空间上呈现出西部土壤（平均值1 569.59 μg·g-1）＞东部土壤（平均值1 320.28 μg·g-1） >北部土壤（平均值1 217.56 μg·g-1） >南部土壤（平均值1 208.85 μg·g-1）。土壤微塑料浓度从地表向下明显降低，从表层土壤（0~5 cm）的998.76 μg·g-1减少到深层土壤（20~30 cm）的193.00μg·g-1；不同的土壤种植模式对土壤微塑料浓度的影响明显，其中大棚土壤微塑料浓度较高，平均值为1 439.56 μg·g-1，露天农田微塑料浓度平均值为1 187.76 μg·g-1。生菜、葡萄、黄瓜大棚种植以及露天农田覆膜玉米种植模式下土壤微塑料含量较高。研究表明，沈阳周边农田土壤中微塑料主要组成类型为PE、PP和PS，且随土层加深，土壤微塑料浓度明显降低。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In recent years, microplastics have emerged as a new type of pollutant contaminating the global environment; however, their composition and distribution characteristics within soil are rarely studied. In this study, we examined soil on farmland surrounding Shenyang City, which was collected from 23 sampling points. In total, we collected 84 soil samples, which were subjected to density separation flotation to extract soil microplastics. Optical microscopy and pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry were performed to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the soil microplastics and determine the micromorphology, composition and spatial distribution characteristics of these plastics in the soil of farmland surrounding Shenyang. The results revealed that the physical properties of microplastics in the study area soil can be divided into film-like, fragmentary, fibrous, and granular types. The concentrations of microplastics in soil ranged from 217.30 μg·g-1 to 2 512.18 μg·g-1, with an average value of 1 327.69 μg·g-1. Polyethylene microplastics were found to be the most prevalent, with an average concentration of 760.03 μg·g-1, followed by polypropylene and polystyrene, with average concentrations of 374.07 μg·g-1 and 193.59 μg·g-1, respectively. Spatially, average concentrations of microplastics in the soil were as follows： western soil（1 569.59 μg·g-1） >eastern soil（1 320.28 μg·g-1） >northern soil（1 217.56 μg·g-1） >southern soil（1 208.85 μg·g-1）.The concentration of soil microplastics decreased from 998.76 μg·g-1 in surface soil（0~5 cm）to 193.00 μg·g-1 in deep soil（20~30 cm）. The soil microplastics concentration was significantly affected by different planting patterns. The greenhouse soil microplastics concentration was higher with an average value of 1 439.56 μg·g-1 and the soil microplastics concentration was 1 187.76 μg·g-1.The higher contents of microplastics in soil under greenhouse planting patterns of lettuce, grape, and cucumber and ground mulched corn is related to the longer time of mulching and mulching in the soil of facility agriculture, as well as the influence of plastic film on the recovery of the roots of these plants. In conclusion, the main types of MPs in the farmland soils surrounding Shenyang City were PE microplastics (polyethylene), PP microplastics (polypropylene) and PS microplastics (polystyrene), and the soil MPs concentration decreased significantly from surface to underground. |
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