| 马新耀,王静,朱九生,李伟.山西省番茄中农药与重金属污染特征及膳食摄入风险评估[J].农业环境科学学报,2021,40(7):1432-1440. |
| 山西省番茄中农药与重金属污染特征及膳食摄入风险评估 |
| Pollution characteristics and dietary intake risk assessment of pesticides and heavy metals in tomato samples in Shanxi Province， China |
| 投稿时间：2021-02-21 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2021-0199 |
| 中文关键词: 番茄 农药残留 重金属 污染特征 风险评估 |
| 英文关键词: tomato pesticide residue heavy metal pollution characteristic risk assessment |
| 基金项目:山西省重点研发计划项目（201803D221010-1）；2019年国家农产品质量安全风险评估项目（GJFP2019007）；山西省财政支农项目（SYSJS 2017-02） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为了明确番茄中农药与重金属（铅和镉）污染物残留特征及由此产生的居民膳食摄入风险，在山西省番茄主产区随机抽取番茄样品60份，采用气相色谱串联质谱法（GC-MS/MS）和超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法（UPLC-MS/MS）测定70种农药残留，采用石墨炉原子吸收法测定铅、镉含量，根据检测结果对2种污染物的残留特征进行分析，同时采用英国食品标准局（FSA）风险排序体系和食品安全指数（IFS）法对番茄中检出的农药和重金属进行安全性评价。结果显示，番茄样品的农药检出率为73.3%，检出农药19种，其中杀菌剂占63.2%，杀虫剂占31.6%，杀菌剂以腐霉利为主，检出率达40.0%，杀虫剂以啶虫脒为主，检出率为8.3%；检出的农药中包括1种禁限用农药、2种未在番茄生产中登记的农药和3种未制定限量标准的农药；检出3种及以上农药残留样品9个，占检出样品的20.5%；番茄中农药残留种类和数量存在地区差异。农药风险排序得出，19种农药在高、中、低风险水平的比例分别为5.3%、15.8%和78.9%，其中氧乐果是风险较高的农药品种。从农药残留安全指数评价结果来看，19种农药的IFS均<1，摄入风险在可接受范围。番茄样品中重金属铅和镉的检出率分别为53.3%和100.0%，其平均值均低于国家食品污染物限量标准，安全指数评价结果也进一步证明了番茄中铅和镉残留量的总体水平处于安全状态。总之，山西省番茄农药残留和重金属风险均在可接受范围，番茄质量安全情况良好。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| This study aims to explore the pollution characteristics and dietary intake risk of pesticide residues and heavy metals（lead and cadmium）in tomato samples collected from primary producing regions in Shanxi Province. The quantitative detection of 70 kinds of pesticide residues in 60 tomato samples randomly collected was carried out using gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry instrument and a high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry instrument. The lead and cadmium contents were determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. The residual characteristics of the two pollutants were analyzed according to the test results. The safety status of pesticide residues and heavy metals（lead and cadmium）detected in the tomato samples was evaluated by the Food Standards Agency risk ranking system and the food safety indexes（IFS）method. Results showed that 73.3% of the samples were positive, with residues of 19 pesticides detected（including 12 fungicides, 6 insecticides, and 1 plant growth regulator）above the detection limit. The most frequently found pesticide residues were fungicides and insecticides, accounting for 63.2% and 31.6%, respectively. The fungicide most detected was procymidone, with a detection rate of 40.0%, while the insecticide was acetamiprid with 8.3%. The detected pesticides included one pesticide prohibited in vegetables, two pesticides not registered on tomato, and three pesticides not established maximum residue limits. 9 samples contained 3 or more pesticide residues, accounting for 20.5% of the detected samples. There were regional differences in the types and quantities of pesticide residues in tomatoes. The pesticide risk ranking results demonstrated that the pesticide rate at high -, medium -, and low-risk levels were 5.3%, 15.8%, and 78.9%, respectively; the highest pesticide risk was omethoate. Based on the evaluation results of the pesticide residue safety index, this study found IFS were all less than one, indicating that dietary intake risk was at an acceptable level. The detection rates of lead and cadmium from detectable tomato samples were 53.3% and 100.0%, respectively. The average lead and cadmium levels were both lower than the national limits for food contaminants. The evaluation results of the lead and cadmium safety index also indicated that the overall levels of lead and cadmium residues were safe. In short, the risk of pesticide residues and heavy metals（lead and cadmium）in this study are within an acceptable range, indicating the quality and safety of tomatoes are suitable. |
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