| 杨莉莉,王永合,韩稳社,马林英,杨乖成,韩艳云,同延安.氮肥减量配施有机肥对苹果产量品质及土壤生物学特性的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2021,40(3):631-639. |
| 氮肥减量配施有机肥对苹果产量品质及土壤生物学特性的影响 |
| Effects of reducing nitrogen fertilizer and applying organic fertilizer on apple yield and quality and soil biological characteristics |
| 投稿时间：2020-10-07 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2020-1160 |
| 中文关键词: 产量 品质 化肥减量 有机肥 配施 土壤微生物量 土壤酶活性 |
| 英文关键词: yield quality fertilizer reduction organic fertilizer combined application soil microbial biomass soil enzyme activity |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2017YFD0200106） |
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| 摘要点击次数: 1513 |
| 全文下载次数: 1634 |
| 中文摘要: |
| 为改善当前苹果园不合理施肥现状，探究适合苹果园提质增效的施肥方案，以红富士苹果为试材，设置常规施肥、优化减氮、有机肥替代25%氮肥、有机肥替代50%氮肥4个处理，其中后3个处理的总施氮量一致，为常规施肥的一半，试验连续进行两年后测定果实产量、品质、土壤微生物量碳氮以及土壤酶活性。结果表明：优化减氮处理产量与常规施肥差异不显著，氮肥偏生产力是常规施肥的2倍以上；有机肥替代50%氮肥处理的产量最高，比常规施肥处理增加5.4%。优化减氮处理和有机肥替代氮肥处理的果实可溶性糖和糖酸比均显著高于常规施肥；施用有机肥的处理可滴定酸显著低于施化肥处理，糖酸比相反；有机肥替代50%氮肥处理的品质最佳，可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、糖酸比分别比常规施肥高1.8%、2.7%、16.9%。土壤微生物量碳氮、土壤酶活性与土层深度及有机肥的施用有关，特别是在20~40 cm土层深度，有机肥替代氮肥处理的土壤微生物量碳氮、土壤β-1，4-N-乙酰基氨基葡萄糖苷酶、β-1，4-葡萄糖苷酶、纤维二糖水解酶活性均显著高于常规施肥处理，且两两之间呈显著或极显著正相关关系。因此，在陕西省苹果园可以推荐常规施氮量减少一半的情况下用有机肥替代50%氮肥，以节省化肥、增加产量、改善品质、提升土壤质量，促进果园的可持续发展。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| This study aimed to improve the current practice of unreasonable fertilization in apple orchards and to explore a suitable fertilization scheme for improving the soil and fruit quality and fertilizer efficiency of apple orchards. Red Fuji apples were treated using four methods of fertilizer application:conventional fertilization(T1), optimized nitrogen reduction(T2), replacing 25% of nitrogen fertilizer with organic fertilizer(T3), and replacing 50% of nitrogen fertilizer with organic fertilizer(T4). The total amount of nitrogen applied in the T2, T3, and T4 conditions was half of that applied in T1. The fruit yield and quality, soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen, and soil enzyme activities were determined two years after the experiment. The fruit yield was not significantly different between T1 and T2, and the partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer in T2 was more than twice that in T1. T4 had the highest fruit yield, which was 5.4% higher than that in T1. T2, T3 and T4 had a significantly higher fruit soluble sugar and sugar-acid ratio than those in T1. Compared with those in T1 and T2, T3 and T4 had significantly lower titratable acid and a significantly higher sugar-acid ratio. T4 had the best fruit quality, and the ratios of soluble solids, soluble sugar, and sugar-acid ratio in T4 were 1.8%, 2.7%, and 16.9% higher than those in T1, respectively. Soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen and soil enzyme activities were related to the soil layer depth and the application of organic fertilizer; particularly at a soil layer depth of 20~40 cm, the soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen and the activities of soil β-1,4-Nacetyl-glucosaminidase, β-1, 4-glucosidase, and cellobiohydrolase were significantly higher in T3 and T4 than in T1; there was a significant or extremely significant positive correlation between each pair of them. Given these results, it is recommended to reduce the amount of nitrogen applied in conventional fertilization by half, and replace 50% of nitrogen fertilizer with organic fertilizer in the apple orchards of Shaanxi Province so as to conserve chemical fertilizers, increase fruit yield, improve soil and fruit quality, and ultimately promote the sustainable development of apple orchards. |
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