| 王方斌,刘凯,殷星,廖欢,孙嘉璘,闵伟,侯振安.清液肥对滴灌棉田NH3挥发和N2O排放的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2020,39(10):2354-2362. |
| 清液肥对滴灌棉田NH3挥发和N2O排放的影响 |
| Effects of liquid fertilizer on NH3 volatilization and N2O emissions in drip-irrigated cotton fields |
| 投稿时间：2020-01-15 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2020-0067 |
| 中文关键词: 清液肥 滴灌棉田 NH3挥发 N2O排放 酶活性 籽棉产量 |
| 英文关键词: liquid fertilizer drip-irrigated cotton fields NH3 volatilization N2O emissions enzymatic activity seed cotton yield |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2017YFD0200100，2018YFD0800800） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为研究清液肥对滴灌棉田氮素气态损失的影响，试验共设5个处理：不施氮肥（N0）、常规化肥施氮300 kg·hm-2（TN300）和240 kg·hm-2（TN240）、清液肥施氮300 kg·hm-2（LN300）和240 kg·hm-2（LN240）。结果表明：施用氮肥会显著增加滴灌棉田土壤NH3挥发和N2O排放，各施氮处理NH3挥发总损失量较N0处理增加1.7~3.8倍，N2O累积排放量较N0处理增加1.8~2.7倍。常规施氮水平下，LN300处理较TN300处理NH3挥发损失降低42.4%，N2O排放减少14.1%；同一减氮水平下，LN240处理NH3挥发损失和N2O排放分别减少29.5%和18.9%。等量氮肥投入下，施用清液肥可显著降低土壤NO3--N和NH4+-N含量，土壤脲酶活性和反硝化酶活性也显著降低。相关性分析表明土壤NH3挥发总量和N2O累积排放量与0~20 cm土壤NH4+-N含量、NO3--N含量、土壤脲酶活性和硝酸还原酶呈显著正相关，与土壤亚硝酸还原酶和羟胺还原酶无显著性相关。与常规化肥施氮相比，TN240、LN300和LN240处理棉花籽棉产量较TN300处理分别增加12.6%、9.1%和24.5%，LN240处理棉花籽棉产量较TN240处理提高10.6%。综上，清液肥施氮240 kg·hm-2可显著减少滴灌棉田氮素气态损失，提高棉花产量，是一种值得推荐的施肥措施。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| It is of great importance for agricultural green production to study the effects of liquid fertilizer on nitrogen loss in drip irrigation cotton fields. The experiment consisted of five treatments:no nitrogen fertilizer(N0), 300 kg N·hm-2(TN300)conventional fertilizer, 240 kg N·hm-2(TN240)conventional fertilizer, 300 kg N·hm-2(LN300)liquid fertilizer, and 240 kg N·hm-2(LN240)liquid fertilizer. The results showed that application of nitrogen fertilizer significantly increased soil NH3 volatilization and N2O emissions in drip irrigation cotton fields, and the total losses of NH3 volatilization in each nitrogen treatment were 1.7~3.8 times higher than in the N0 treatment. The cumulative N2O emissions were 1.8~2.7 times higher than in the N0 treatment. The LN300 treatment reduced the NH3 volatilization loss by 42.4% and the N2O emissions by 14.1% compared to the TN300 treatment at the conventional nitrogen application level; at the same nitrogen reduction level, the LN240 treatment reduced NH3 volatilization losses and N2O emissions by 29.5% and 18.9%, respectively. With the same amount of nitrogen fertilizer input, the application of liquid fertilizer significantly reduced the contents of NO3--N and NH4+-N in the soil, and the activities of UR and denitrifying enzymes in the soil were also significantly decreased. Correlation analysis showed that the total amount of soil NH3 volatilization and N2O emissions were significantly positively correlated with 0~20 cm soil NH4+-N content, NO3--N content, UR activity, and NR activity, but not with soil nitrite reductase, hydroxylamine reductase, Ni R activity, or Hy R activity. Compared to applying nitrogen with conventional fertilizers, the seed cotton yields of the TN240, LN300, and LN240 treatments increased by 12.6%, 9.1%, and 24.5%, respectively, and seed cotton yield increased by 10.6% in the LN240 treatment compared to the TN240 treatment. In summary, the application of 240 kg·hm-2 nitrogen to liquid fertilizer can significantly reduce nitrogen losses in drip irrigation cotton fields and can increase cotton yield, making it a recommended fertilization measure. |
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