| 薛英龙,李春越,王益,苗雨,常顺.农业利用对毛乌素沙地土壤碳氮含量及微生物量的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2020,39(10):2325-2335. |
| 农业利用对毛乌素沙地土壤碳氮含量及微生物量的影响 |
| Effects of agricultural utilization on soil carbon， nitrogen content， and microbial biomass in Mu Us Sandy Land |
| 投稿时间：2020-04-25 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2020-0472 |
| 中文关键词: 毛乌素沙地 土壤微生物生物量 农业利用 土壤质量 |
| 英文关键词: Mu Us Sandy Land soil microbial biomass agricultural utilization soil quality |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFD0800105）；陕西省自然科学基金项目（2019JM-518）；国家自然科学基金面上项目（41501255，41671269）；中央高校基本科研业务费专项（GK201603073） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为研究毛乌素沙地不同农业利用类型和方式对土壤碳氮及微生物特征的影响，以位于毛乌素沙地的圪丑沟流域为研究地点，选取了不同农业利用类型及方式的传统农业（小麦、水稻、旱稻）、设施农业（黑莓、蓝靛果花楸、葡萄）、集约化农业（马铃薯）为研究对象，以明沙为对照，分析长期不同农业利用类型及其方式对毛乌素沙地土壤碳、氮、呼吸和微生物的影响。结果表明：不同农业利用类型和不同农业利用方式对土壤微生物生物量碳、氮均有一定影响，其中农业利用类型影响更为显著。微生物生物量碳在设施农业中表现出最高水平，微生物生物量氮在集约化农业中表现出最高值（8.45 mg·kg-1），且均显著高于其余农业利用类型。与沙地相比，7种农业利用方式土壤全碳、全氮、矿化氮含量均显著提高；3种农业利用类型土壤全碳、有机碳、全氮含量均表现为设施农业各样地最高，均值分别是沙地的6.32、3.82、10.14倍；土壤硝态氮、矿化氮均表现为集约化农业最高，均值分别是沙地的6.46、8.21倍。不同农业利用方式下，除水稻地和蓝靛果花楸地外，其他农业利用方式土壤铵态氮含量较沙地显著降低了8.70%~56.32%；除旱稻地外，其他农业利用方式土壤呼吸速率较沙地显著提高了60.17%~194.07%。通过相关性分析得出全碳、有机碳、全氮、微生物生物量碳两两之间呈显著正相关关系，硝态氮与微生物生物量氮呈显著正相关关系。研究表明：沙地农业利用对微生物的生命活动产生了不同程度地影响，降低了土壤铵态氮含量。传统和集约化农业加快土壤有机质分解，促进了土壤氮素的矿化作用，而设施农业在增加土壤碳、氮含量方面具有明显优势。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Studies on the effects of different types and methods of agricultural utilization on soil carbon and nitrogen, as well as the microbial characteristics, in Mu Us Sandy Land are reviewed herein, and the changes of soil nutrients and microbial biomass of sandy land in arid areas are revealed. This study has important theoretical guiding significance for improving the soil environment of sandy farmland and preventing the degradation of these land systems. This study takes the Gechougou Valley, which is located in the Mu Us Sandy Land, as a research site, selecting the different agricultural usage types and methods of traditional agriculture(Triticum aestivum, Oryza sativa, Upland rice), agricultural facilities(Graptopetalum blackberry, Lonicera caerulea L. var. edulis Turcz. ex Herd, Vitis vinifera), and intensive agriculture(Solanum tuberosum) as research objects. Furthermore,it uses the sand as a comparative medium,analyzing different agricultural usage types and methods on soil carbon, nitrogen, respiration, and microbial effects of Mu Us Sandy Land. The results show that:Different types and modes of agricultural utilization had certain effects on soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen, among which several agricultural utilization types had more significant effects. Microbial biomass carbon showed the highest level in facility agriculture and microbial biomass nitrogen showed the highest level in intensive agriculture(8.45 mg·kg-1), significantly higher than other agricultural utilization types. Compared with sandy land, the content of total carbon, total nitrogen, and mineralized nitrogen in the soil of seven agricultural utilization methods was significantly increased. The contents of total carbon, organic carbon, and total nitrogen in the soil of the three agricultural utilization types were the highest in the various sites of facility agriculture, with mean values 6.32, 3.82, and 10.14 times of those in sandy land, respectively. Soil nitrate and mineralized nitrogen were the highest in intensive agriculture and their mean values were 6.46 and 8.21 times of those in sand, respectively. Under different agricultural utilization methods, the ammonium nitrogen content of the soil in other agricultural utilization modes was significantly reduced by 8.70%~56.32% compared with that in sandy land, except rice land and sorbita ruba land. In addition to upland rice fields, the soil respiration rate of other agricultural utilization methods significantly increased by 60.17%~194.07% compared to that of sandy land. Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between total carbon, organic carbon, total nitrogen, and microbial biomass carbon, while there was a significant positive correlation between nitrate and microbial biomass nitrogen. The agricultural utilization of sandy land affected the life activities of microorganisms to different degrees and reduced the content of ammonium nitrogen in the soil. Traditional and intensive agriculture accelerated the decomposition of soil organic matter and promoted the mineralization of soil nitrogen. Facility agriculture had advantages in increasing the soil carbon and nitrogen content. |
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