| 郭彩霞,杨子森,马文奇,焦光月,张建杰.山西省畜禽粪污土地承载力及粪尿替代化肥潜力分析[J].农业环境科学学报,2020,39(7):1548-1557. |
| 山西省畜禽粪污土地承载力及粪尿替代化肥潜力分析 |
| Evaluation of arable land carrying capacity and potential of manure substitute for chemical fertilizer in Shanxi Province, China |
| 投稿时间：2019-12-29 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2019-1431 |
| 中文关键词: 畜禽粪污 养分 有机肥 畜牧业 土地承载力 山西省 |
| 英文关键词: manure nutrients organic fertilizers animal husbandry land carrying capacity Shanxi Province |
| 基金项目:山西省农业科学院科技创新研究课题（YCX2018213）；山西省农业科学院特色农业技术攻关项目（YGG17039） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为明确山西省畜牧业的发展规模，优化畜牧业发展的空间格局，进一步为山西省农牧业实现绿色发展提供科学依据。研究基于农牧生产系统养分平衡的方法，测算了山西省县域尺度的畜禽粪污土地承载力。结果表明，山西省的种植业与畜牧业发展规模在空间上存在一定的错位，种植业发达的地区主要分布在省域南部和中部的区县，而畜牧业发达的地区则分布在省域北部、中部和东南部的区县；山西省当前的畜牧业发展规模折合为2 371.77万猪当量，以粪尿氮作为约束指标，山西畜牧业可发展规模为5 976.01万猪当量；以粪尿磷（纯磷，下同）作为约束指标，山西畜牧业可发展规模为7 212.27万猪当量。综合粪尿氮磷承载力指数结果分析，超载区域主要分布在省域北部种植业欠发达的区县和省城太原周边的区县；全省粪尿氮、磷的有效供给量分别为18.28万t和3.15万t，可以分别有效替代氮、磷肥39.79%和33.21%。无论以粪尿氮或磷作为约束指标，山西畜牧业整体上仍有较大的发展空间，可适度增加畜禽养殖规模，但需要关注城市近郊区县的畜禽粪尿氮磷的环境排放和大中型养殖企业的点源污染问题。在畜禽粪尿养分资源管理策略上，则应考虑优化农牧业生产布局和区域间协同管理。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In the past decades, the rapid growth of population, economy, urbanization and per capita animal protein consumption in China have stimulated the development of intensive animal husbandry to meet its dietary demand. Intensive animal husbandry has become one of the primary industries adequately ensuring the animal food supply. However, a large amount of animal manure cannot be returned to the field in time, which is an important source of the nitrogen(N)atmospheric deposition and causes the water pollution and eutrophication by means of surface runoff and leaching into water bodies. Shanxi Province is the core region of the farming-pastoral transition zone of China, and its animal husbandry developed rapidly due to advantageous natural and social conditions including rich grazing resources, abundant feed supply, and timely policy support. Here the study reported on a systematic and quantitative analysis on the spatial variability of land environmental carrying capacity of manure, and the potential of manure organic fertilizer substitute for chemical fertilizer in Shanxi Province, China, based on the method of nutrient balance in crop-animal production systems with GIS after collecting and sorting of data from statistical yearbooks and literature. The results demonstrated that there was a certain dislocation in the development scale of the planting industry and animal husbandry in Shanxi Province. Well-developed crop farming was mainly distributed in the 36 counties located in the basins in the South and central areas, and well-developed animal husbandry was mainly distributed in several counties in the North, SouthEast and central parts of the province. The present scale of animal husbandry in Shanxi Province is 2.371 77×107 pigs equivalent; the bearable scale of animal husbandry in Shanxi is 5.976 01×107 pigs equivalent when nitrogen excretion is used as a constraint index and reaches 7.212 27×107 pigs equivalent when phosphorus excretion is used as a constraint index. The analysis on nitrogen and phosphorus bearing capacity index of feces and urine suggested that the less developed areas in the northern part of the province and the surrounding areas of Taiyuan City were mainly the overloaded areas; the effective supply of nitrogen and phosphorus from feces and urine were 1.828×105 t and 3.15×104 t, respectively, which could effectively replace 39.79% and 33.21% of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers, respectively. Regardless of nitrogen or phosphorus from feces and urine as the constraint indexes, Shanxi's animal husbandry has large development potentials, which means the scale of livestock and poultry breeding can be moderately increased. However, the environmental emissions of nitrogen and phosphorus from livestock and poultry feces and the point source pollution from the large and medium-sized animal farming enterprises in outskirt counties of cities still need to be noticed. In the management strategy of animal manure and urine nutrient resources, the crop and animal farming distribution need to be optimized, and inter-regional collaborative management should be regarded as the goal. |
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