| 刘传云,管西林,邹春琴,陈新平.不同有机物料对设施黄瓜生长及土壤性状的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2020,39(2):360-368. |
| 不同有机物料对设施黄瓜生长及土壤性状的影响 |
| Effects of different organic materials on the growth of greenhouse cucumber and soil properties |
| 投稿时间：2019-07-31 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2019-0841 |
| 中文关键词: 有机物料 设施黄瓜 产量品质 碳氮磷平衡 |
| 英文关键词: organic materials greenhouse cucumber yield and quality balance of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2017YFD0800403） |
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| 摘要点击次数: 1571 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为了减少设施菜田中由于超量施用有机肥导致的N、P累积，通过选取泥炭、腐植酸、菌渣、生物炭4种有机物料及其配施对传统鸡粪进行等C替代，开展了两茬田间试验，研究了有机物料等C替代鸡粪对土壤理化性质和黄瓜产量、品质的影响。连续两茬的试验结果表明，有机物料等C替代鸡粪对黄瓜产量无显著影响；但同鸡粪处理相比，泥炭、腐植酸和生物炭3种有机物料配施可显著提高黄瓜果实中维生素C的含量；除单施生物炭外，施用不同有机物料表层土壤（0~20 cm）的pH值均显著高于施用鸡粪的处理，同时有机物料处理较鸡粪处理降低了表层土壤有效P含量51.6%~62.9%，提高了表层土壤C/N，其中，腐植酸处理土壤有效P的降低幅度最大，且其表层土壤C/N与鸡粪相比显著提高了92.2%，腐植酸处理土壤（0~60 cm）的C储量也最大；各有机物料处理N盈余量均小于鸡粪处理，其中生物炭处理的养分盈余量最小，与鸡粪相比减少了73.1%，各有机物料处理的P盈余量与鸡粪处理相比显著降低了65.3%~92.3%，P削减效果腐植酸 > 泥炭+腐植酸 > 泥炭+腐植酸+生物炭 > 生物炭 > 泥炭 > 泥炭+菌渣 > 菌渣。因此，有机物料等C替代鸡粪后，在保证黄瓜产量的同时可以提升黄瓜果实营养品质，大幅度削减土壤中N、P盈余，其中，腐植酸对提高土壤有机质以及P盈余削减效果较好，泥炭+腐植酸+菌渣配施对改善黄瓜品质的效果较好。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To reduce nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation due to excessive organic fertilizer application in the greenhouse vegetables production system, two field experiments were conducted to study the effects of organic materials on soil physical and chemical properties, and yield and quality of cucumber. Four kinds of organic materials, peat, humic acid, mushroom residue, and biochar, were selected as substitutes for traditional chicken manure. The results of the experiments on two consecutive crops showed that the application of organic materials had no significant effect on cucumber yield. However, compared with the treatment of chicken manure, the application of peat, humic acid, and biochar could significantly increase the content of vitamin C in cucumber fruits. In addition to the treatment with biochar, the surface soil(0~20 cm)pH value upon the application of different organic materials was significantly higher than that for the chicken manure treatment. In addition, compared with chicken manure, the organic materials treatment reduced the surface soil Olsen-P content by 51.6%~62.9%, and improved the surface soil C/N ratio. Soil Olsen-P under humic acid treatment showed the highest decrease, and its surface soil C/N ratio increased by 92.2% compared with that of the soil under chicken manure treatment. Meanwhile, soil treatment by humic acid(0~60 cm)showed the highest carbon reserves. In addition to the treatment by mushroom residue, the surplus nitrogen under the organic material treatment was less than that under the chicken manure treatment and the biochar treatment was the lowest, which decreased by 73.1% compared with that for the soil treated with chicken manure. The surplus phosphorus under the organic material treatment was significantly reduced by 65.3%~92.3% compared with that under the chicken manure treatment. Phosphorus reduction in the soil was in the given order for various treatments:humic acid > peat + humic acid > peat + humic acid + biochar > biochar > peat > peat + mushroom residue > mushroom residue. Therefore, after replacing chicken manure with organic materials, the nutritional quality and the yield of the cucumber fruit was improved. In addition, the surplus nitrogen and phosphorus in soil were greatly reduced. Humic acid was found to have a better effect in improving soil organic matter and reducing surplus phosphorus, while peat + humic acid + bacterial residue had a better effect on improving cucumber quality. |
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