| 刘智峰,呼世斌,宋凤敏,赵佐平,李琛,葛红光.陕西某铅锌冶炼区土壤重金属污染特征与形态分析[J].农业环境科学学报,2019,38(4):818-826. |
| 陕西某铅锌冶炼区土壤重金属污染特征与形态分析 |
| Pollution characteristics and speciation analysis of heavy metals in soils around a lead-zinc smelter area in Shaanxi Province, China |
| 投稿时间：2018-08-25 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2018-1097 |
| 中文关键词: 铅锌冶炼厂 土壤污染 重金属 污染特征 形态分析 |
| 英文关键词: lead-zinc smelter soil pollution heavy metals pollution characteristics speciation analysis |
| 基金项目:国家"863"项目（2012AA101404-4）；陕西省教育厅科研专项（18JK0171）；陕西省自然科学基础研究基金面上项目（2018JM4058） |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 刘智峰 | 西北农林科技大学资源环境学院, 陕西 杨凌 712100
陕西理工大学化学与环境科学学院, 陕西 汉中 723001
陕南秦巴山区生物资源综合开发协同创新中心, 陕西 汉中 723001 | | | 呼世斌 | 西北农林科技大学资源环境学院, 陕西 杨凌 712100 | hushibin2003@nwsuaf.edu.cn | | 宋凤敏 | 陕西理工大学化学与环境科学学院, 陕西 汉中 723001
陕南秦巴山区生物资源综合开发协同创新中心, 陕西 汉中 723001 | | | 赵佐平 | 陕西理工大学化学与环境科学学院, 陕西 汉中 723001
陕南秦巴山区生物资源综合开发协同创新中心, 陕西 汉中 723001 | | | 李琛 | 陕西理工大学化学与环境科学学院, 陕西 汉中 723001
陕南秦巴山区生物资源综合开发协同创新中心, 陕西 汉中 723001 | | | 葛红光 | 陕西理工大学化学与环境科学学院, 陕西 汉中 723001
陕南秦巴山区生物资源综合开发协同创新中心, 陕西 汉中 723001 | |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为了探讨铅锌冶炼对土壤环境质量的影响，对陕西某铅锌冶炼区土壤中重金属的含量和形态进行了分析，并运用单因子污染指数法和内梅罗综合污染指数法对土壤重金属污染程度进行评价。结果表明，Pb、Cd、Cu、Zn含量的平均值分别是陕西省土壤背景值的19.27、135.32、2.76、8.02倍。单因子污染指数评价结果显示，Cd（19.53）达到重度污染，Zn（1.78）和Pb（1.09）达到轻度污染，Cu（0.56）无污染。内梅罗综合污染指数评价结果表明，冶炼厂东、西10 km范围内土壤均处于重度污染程度，且东部高于西部。重金属形态分析结果显示，Pb、Cd、Cu、Zn各形态在全量中所占的比例都以残渣态（34.45%~45.98%）最大，其次为可氧化态（27.45%~30.57%），再次为可还原态（17.63%~23.61%），最后为可交换态（6.80%~14.41%）。重金属形态比例和土壤理化性质的相关性分析表明，pH值与Cd、Cu的可交换态比例呈显著负相关，与Zn的残渣态比例呈显著正相关。土壤有机质与Cd的可交换态比例、可还原态比例呈显著负相关，与Cd的残渣态比例呈显著正相关。铅锌冶炼厂周围土壤受到以Cd污染为主的多种重金属的复合污染，冶炼厂大气沉降、采矿场扬尘是主要污染源。土壤重金属污染防治中应当加强冶炼厂烟尘点源控制，防止土壤酸化。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to evaluate the effects of lead-zinc smelting on soil environmental quality, the characteristics and speciation of heavy metals were analyzed in soils recovered from a lead-zinc smelter area. The degree of heavy metal pollution was evaluated using the Single Pollution index (Pi) and the Nemero Synthesis Pollution index (PN). Our results showed that the concentrations (in mg·kg-1) of Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn were 19.27, 135.32, 2.76 times, and 8.02 times higher,respectively, than their natural background values. The Pi values indicated that Cd reached heavy pollution levels (19.53), Zn and Pb reached slight pollution levels (1.78 and 1.09, respectively),and Cu was not found at significant pollution levels (0.56). Additionally, the PN values indicated that soils within a 10 km radius from the lead-zinc smelter were heavily polluted. In particular, the east side of the smelter was characterized by a higher degree of pollution than the west side. The results of the speciation analysis showed that the proportion of Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn species generally declined in the following order:residual fraction (34.45%~45.98%) > oxidizable fraction (27.45%~30.57%) > reducible fraction (17.63%~23.61%) > exchangeable fraction (6.80%~14.41%). A correlative analysis showed that pH was negatively correlated with the exchangeable fraction proportion of Cd and Cu; also, it was positively correlated with the residual fraction proportion of Zn. Soil organic matter content was negatively correlated with the exchangeable fraction and the reducible fraction proportions of Cd, and positively correlated with the residual fraction proportion of Cd. In conclusion, the soils around the lead-zinc smelting plant were mainly contaminated with Cd, in addition to other metals. Atmospheric deposition from the smelting plant and dust from the mining field were the main sources of soil pollution. In order to prevent heavy metal pollution in the soils, the source of dust pollution in the smelting plant should be restrained and soil acidification should be prevented. |
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