氮掺杂碳纳米子施用对稻田氮素径流和渗漏损失的影响

胡伟; 向建华; 向言词; 周练; 陈燕

文章摘要

胡伟,向建华,向言词,周练,陈燕.氮掺杂碳纳米子施用对稻田氮素径流和渗漏损失的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2017,36(7):1378-1385.

氮掺杂碳纳米子施用对稻田氮素径流和渗漏损失的影响

Effect of nitrogen-doped carbon nanoparticles(N-CNPs) on nitrogen runoff and leakage loss in paddy fields

投稿时间：2017-04-10

DOI：10.11654/jaes.2017-0520

中文关键词: 氮掺杂碳纳米粒子稻田氮肥径流损失渗漏损失

英文关键词: nitrogen-doped carbon nanoparticles paddy nitrogen fertilizer runoff loss leakage loss

基金项目:国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目（31401943）；湖南省教育厅基金项目（14C0453）

作者	单位
胡伟	湖南科技大学生态景观修复与规划设计研究所, 湖南湘潭 411201
向建华	湖南科技大学生态景观修复与规划设计研究所, 湖南湘潭 411201
向言词	湖南科技大学生态景观修复与规划设计研究所, 湖南湘潭 411201
周练	湖南科技大学生态景观修复与规划设计研究所, 湖南湘潭 411201
陈燕	湖南科技大学生态景观修复与规划设计研究所, 湖南湘潭 411201

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中文摘要:

为明确氮掺杂碳纳米粒子（N-CNPs）在田间条件下对单季稻田氮素径流和渗漏损失的影响，采用田间小区实验，对不同用量N-CNPs和双氰胺（DCD）配施尿素时稻田径流液和渗漏液中总氮（TN）、铵态氮（NH₄⁺-N）和硝态氮（NO₃^--N）的动态和损失总量进行研究。结果表明：与单独施用尿素（Urea）处理相比，N-CNPs配施尿素能降低稻田径流NH₄⁺-N浓度和渗漏液中NO₃^--N浓度；基肥后第1次自然降雨产流时，15‰N-CNPs处理径流液中NH₄⁺-N浓度较Urea处理降低30.33%，基肥后第7 d渗漏液中NO₃^--N浓度较Urea处理降低了27.22%。在水稻全生育期内，15‰N-CNPs处理径流总氮损失量为8.15 kg·hm^-2，占该处理总施氮量的4.08%，较Urea处理减少2.04 kg·hm^-2，降幅达到20.02%；TN渗漏总量为16.59 kg·hm^-2，占施氮总量的8.30%，较Urea处理减少8.83 kg·hm^-2，降幅达到34.73%，其径流和渗漏TN损失量较5% DCD处理分别降低5.67%和15.70%。研究表明，尿素配施N-CNPs能显著减少稻田氮素径流和渗漏损失，达到提高氮肥利用效率、控制农田非点源污染范围和强度的目的。

英文摘要:

A field experiment was conducted from May to December 2016 in Changsha County,Hunan Province,China,to determine the effects of nitrogen-doped carbon nanoparticles (N-CNPs) on nitrogen loss in runoff and leakage in a paddy field.The results showed that the application of N-CNPs led to significantly lower runoff of NH₄⁺-N,and leakage of NO₃^--N.Compared with the urea treatments,during the first natural rainfall runoff after base fertilizer had been applied,the 15‰N-CNPs treatments decreased NH₄⁺-N concentrations by 30.33% in runoff and NO₃^--N concentrations by 27.22% in leakage water within seven days after fertilizer application.The results of monitoring for N loss with natural rainfall runoff indicated that,with 15‰N-CNPs application,total nitrogen (TN) loss from the paddy was 8.15 kg·hm^-2 throughout the rice growing season.It accounted for 4.08% of urea-N applied.Furthermore,The loss amount of total nitrogen decreased by 20.02% under the condition of adding 15‰N-CNPs into urea compared with urea treatments.The results of monitoring for nitrogen loss with leakage indicated that,with 15‰N-CNPs application,leakage TN loss from the paddy was 16.59 kg·hm^-2 throughout the rice growing season.It accounted for 8.30% of urea-N applied.Lastly,15‰N-CNPs application decreased by 34.73% compared with that of urea,and TN loss with runoff and leakage in 15‰N-CNPs treatments decreased by 5.67% and 15.70%,respectively,compared with 5% dicyandiamide treatments.Collectively,the application of N-CNPs can be effective in reducing nitrogen loss from paddy fields and promoting pollution control of agricultural non-point source pollution.

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