| 张婧,夏光利,李虎,朱国梁,牟小翎,王立刚,黄诚诚,江雨倩.一次性施肥技术对冬小麦/夏玉米轮作系统土壤N2O排放的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2016,35(1):195-204. |
| 一次性施肥技术对冬小麦/夏玉米轮作系统土壤N2O排放的影响 |
| Effect of single basal fertilization on N2O emissions in wheat and maize rotation system |
| 投稿时间：2015-07-21 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2016.01.026 |
| 中文关键词: 一次性施肥 冬小麦/夏玉米轮作 N2O排放 |
| 英文关键词: single fertilization wheat and maize rotation system N2O emission |
| 基金项目:公益性行业(农业)科研专项“主要粮食作物一次性施肥技术研究与示范”(201303103);农业源温室气体监测与控制技术研究(201103039) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 利用静态暗箱-气相色谱法对华北平原冬小麦/夏玉米轮作系统施氮条件土壤N2O排放特征进行周年观测,以探讨不同处理[对照(CK)、优化施氮(OPT)、优化氮肥一次性施用(OPT1)和控释肥(CRF)]土壤N2O排放特征及土壤温度、湿度对土壤N2O排放的影响。结果表明:冬小麦/夏玉米轮作系统中土壤N2O排放峰值主要出现在施肥+降雨或灌溉事件后,不同处理N2O排放通量变化范围在-0.24~2.78 mg N2O·m-2·h-1,平均排放通量23.88~65.46 μg N2O·m-2·h-1,OPT1和CRF两个一次性施肥处理可以降低小麦和玉米基肥施用后土壤N2O排放峰值,但未改变轮作周期土壤N2O排放季节变化规律;土壤含水量对土壤N2O排放有显着影响,且对夏玉米季土壤N2O排放影响大于冬小麦季;各处理土壤N2O排放通量与5 cm深度土壤温度之间均无相关性;不同处理N2O年度排放总量差异显着,与OPT处理相比,OPT1处理和CRF处理N2O年排放总量分别减少27.47%和22.80%.各处理N2O排放系数介于0.28%~0.50%,均低于IPCC 1.0%的推荐值,且各处理产量之间没有显着性差异,因此一次性施肥技术能够在保证产量的前提下,有效减少冬小麦/夏玉米轮作系统土壤N2O排放。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Nitrous oxide(N2O), as one of the most important greenhouse gases, plays a crucial role in the global warming. Nitrogen(N) fertilizer is the primary source of N2O emissions from agricultural soils. A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of single basal fertilization on N2O emissions in wheat and maize rotation system. N2O fluxes along with main environmental drivers(i.e., soil temperature, soil moisture, and soil NO3--N) were observed in 4 treatments, including control treatment(CK), optimized fertilization treatment(OPT), single basal fertilization treatment(OPT1) and controlled release fertilization treatment(CRF), during the period of October 2013 to October 2014. Results showed that the peaks of N2O emissions were usually observed at the event of fertilization accompanied with irrigation or precipitation. The N2O emission rates ranged from -0.24~2.78 mg N2O·m-2·h-1, with daily means ranging from 23.88~65.46 μg N2O·m-2·h-1. The OPT1 and CRF treatments both decreased the N2O peak values, but did not change the seasonal variation patterns. The N2O fluxes were pos-itively correlated with soil water filled pore space(WFPS), but not with soil temperature at 5 cm depth. Compared with the OPT treatment, the OPT1 and CRF treatments both significantly reduced annual N2O emissions by 27.47% and 22.80%, respectively. Annual emission factor(EF) of N2O emissions was calculated to be 0.28%~0.77% of the fertilizer N. It is concluded that single basal fertilization management could effectively reduce N2O emissions from wheat and maize rotation system. |
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