| 梁浩,胡克林,李保国.不同施肥管理模式下农田氮素淋失及水氮利用效率模拟分析[J].农业环境科学学报,2015,34(7):1317-1325. |
| 不同施肥管理模式下农田氮素淋失及水氮利用效率模拟分析 |
| Simulation and Analysis of Nitrate Leaching and Water and Nitrogen Use Efficiencies in Farmland Under Organic and Mineral Fertilizer Management Practices |
| 投稿时间：2015-02-08 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2015.07.013 |
| 中文关键词: 肥料管理 土壤-作物系统模型 氮素淋失 水氮利用效率 水氮平衡 |
| 英文关键词: fertilizer management practices soil-crop system model nitrate leaching water and nitrogen use efficiencies water and nitrogen balance |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(41171184);农业科研杰出人才及其创新团队项目(2012022) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 通过分析定量化不同肥料管理模式下的农田水氮利用效率和氮素平衡状况,为推荐合理的肥料管理模式提供依据。以连续6年(1992年9月—1998年7月)不同肥料管理模式(传统化肥,T1;有机肥,T2;有机无机配施,T3)的田间试验数据为基础,对土壤-作物系统碳氮水循环过程模型WHCNS进行了校验,应用校验后的模型定量化分析了不同肥料管理模式下的农田氮素淋失、水氮利用效率及氮素平衡。结果表明:3个处理6年的总渗漏量均很大,在1230 mm左右,占总降雨量(无灌溉)的35%～38%,与试验地土壤质地偏砂性有关。3个处理的水分利用效率大小顺序为T3>T1>T2,作物产量的差异是其主要原因,T3处理的作物产量最高而T2处理的作物产量最低。3个处理的氮素利用效率大小顺序为T3>T2>T1,氮素的主要去向是作物吸收和硝态氮淋洗,其中只施化肥处理的氮素淋洗率最大,占氮肥总量的33.6%,有机无机配施处理的氮素淋洗率最低,仅占氮肥总量的23.5%。经过6年轮作后的土壤与初始条件相比,只施用化肥的土壤氮素亏缺严重,达到144 kg N·hm-2,而加入有机肥模式土壤氮素亏缺较小,T2和T3处理分别为55、79 kg N·hm-2。有机无机配施模式在保证作物较高产量的情况下,不仅减小了硝态氮的淋洗,提高了水氮利用效率,而且有利于保持土壤氮素平衡,是3种肥料管理模式中最好的。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The objectives of this study were to quantify water and nitrogen use efficiencies(WUE, NUE) and N balance in farmland under different fertilizer management practices, and to recommend optimal fertilizer management practice. Based on six year(1992—1998) field experimental dataset under different fertilizer management practices(traditional mineral fertilizer, T1; organic manure, T2; combined organic manure and mineral fertilizer, T3), the WHCNS(Soil Water Heat Carbon and Nitrogen Simulation) model was calibrated and validated, and then was used to simulate the crop yield, nitrate leaching, WUE, NUE and N balance under different fertilizer management practices. Results showed that the amount of total drainage of three treatments during six years was as high as 1230 mm, accounting for 35%~38% of the total rainfall(no irrigation). The WUEs for three treatments were in order of T3>T1>T2, which was in consistent with the crop yields. The T3 treatment had the highest yield, while the T2 was the lowest. The main fates of N in the farmland were crop uptake and nitrate leaching. Nitrate leaching in the T1 treatment was the highest, amounting to 33.6% of total fertilizer inputs, whereas the lowest in T3, which was about 23.5% of total N applied. The NUEs was in the following order:T3>T2>T1. Compared to the initial soil mineral N, soil N after six-year cultivation was reduced by 144 kg N·hm-2 in T1, while the reduction was only 55 kg N·hm-2 and 79 kg N·hm-2 in T2 and T3. The present findings indicate that combination of organic manure and mineral fertilizer is the best management practice, which not only reduces nitrate leaching, but also enhances WUE and NUE and maintains soil N balance. |
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