| 彭 斌,赖上坤,李潘林,王云霞,周 楠,朱建国,杨连新,王余龙.开放式空气中臭氧浓度升高对超级稻Ⅱ优084生长和产量的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2014,33(2):217-223. |
| 开放式空气中臭氧浓度升高对超级稻Ⅱ优084生长和产量的影响 |
| Effects of Free Air Ozone Enrichment on Growth and Yield of Super Rice Ⅱ-you 084 |
| |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2014.02.002 |
| 中文关键词: 超级稻 臭氧 生长 产量 |
| 英文关键词: super rice ozone growth yield |
| 基金项目: |
|
| 摘要点击次数: 2537 |
| 全文下载次数: 2384 |
| 中文摘要: |
| 依托中国稻田臭氧FACE（Free Air gas Concentration Enrichment）技术平台，以超级稻Ⅱ优084为供试材料，设置环境臭氧浓度（Ambient）和高臭氧浓度（平均比Ambient高约25%）2个水平，无蘖苗和一蘖苗2种秧苗类型，研究臭氧胁迫对超级稻大田期生长发育、光合作用和产量形成的影响及其与秧苗素质的互作。结果表明：（1）臭氧胁迫使Ⅱ优084全生育期缩短约7 d，使成熟期株高降低8%。（2）臭氧胁迫对结实期叶片胞间CO2浓度无明显影响，但使叶片叶绿素相对含量SPAD值、净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率显著降低，且后期降幅大于前期。（3）高浓度臭氧使成熟期地上部总生物量平均下降24%，这主要与抽穗至成熟阶段物质生产量大幅下降有关。（4）高浓度臭氧对单位面积穗数没有影响，但每穗颖花数（-19%）、饱粒率（-12%）和饱粒重（-5%）均明显下降，空粒率和秕粒率大幅增加，最终导致水稻显著减产（-27%）。（5）尽管臭氧与秧苗类型间无显著互作效应，但臭氧胁迫对一蘖苗株高、叶片SPAD值、每穗颖花数、饱粒率、秕粒率和空粒率的影响程度均略小于无蘖苗。综上所述，高浓度臭氧环境下Ⅱ优084大幅减产主要是单穗库容量变小所致，亦与籽粒结实能力下降有关，而后者又与水稻生长后期光合生产明显受抑相关。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| An ozone FACE（free air concentration enrichment） experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of ozone stress on growth, development, photosynthesis, and yield of super rice at ambient and elevated ozone concentrations（ambient×1.25） usingⅡ-you 084 cultivar with two seedling ages（no tiller and one-tiller）. The results showed：（1）Ozone stress accelerated phonological development for about one week, and decreased plant height at maturity by 8%.（2）Ozone stress decreased the SPAD value, net photosynthetic rate（Pn）, stomatal conductivity（Gs） and transpiration rate（Tr） of flag leaves during the grain-filling period with the effect being larger in the late vs. early stage. However, no ozone effect was detected on intercellular CO2 concentration（Ci）. （3）Elevated ozone concentration greatly reduced total dry matter accumulation at maturity stage, by 24%, which was largely due to the decrease of dry matter production in the period from heading to maturity stage.（4）There was no ozone effect on the panicle number per unit ground area. However, elevated ozone concentration reduced spikelet number per panicle, filled grain percentage and filled grain weight by 19%, 12%, and 5%, respectively, and significantly increased the blighted grain rate and empty grain rate as well. As a result, grain yield was reduced by an average of 27% under ozone stress.（5）Although no significant interactions was observed between ozone and seedling ages, the responses of plant height, leaf SPAD value, spikelet number per panicle, filled grain percentage, sterile grain percentage and unfulfilled grain percentage to ozone were slightly less in one-tiller seedlings than in no tiller seedlings. Ozone-induced yield loss of Ⅱ-you 084 might be due mainly to reduced sink capacity per panicle, and partly to decreased grain-filling ability. The latter was associated with inhibited photosynthesis during the late growth stage of rice. |
| HTML
查看全文
查看/发表评论 下载PDF阅读器 |
|
|
|
