| 高 威,王远玲,陶晓婷,施金琦,徐 杏,陆建飞,庄恒扬.规模化养猪场处理废水对水稻中微量及重金属元素含量的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2013,32(8):1639-1647. |
| 规模化养猪场处理废水对水稻中微量及重金属元素含量的影响 |
| Effects of Pig Slurry from Large-scale Pig Farm on Medium, Micro-and Heavy Elements Contents of Rice |
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| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2013.08.022 |
| 中文关键词: 养猪废水 水稻 中微量元素 重金属元素 |
| 英文关键词: pig slurry rice secondary and micro element heavy metals |
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| 摘要点击次数: 1939 |
| 全文下载次数: 1961 |
| 中文摘要: |
| 以迟熟中粳“淮稻5号”和经过无害化处理的规模化养猪场处理废水为供试材料，在减施N肥和不施入P、K肥的条件下，研究施入不同量废水对常规粳稻植株及籽粒中5种重金属元素和6种主要中微量元素含量的影响。结果表明：Pb、As、Ca、Mg和Fe元素含量均以基肥施入处理废水90 m3·hm-2、穗期施入处理废水120 m3·hm-2配施187.5 kg·hm-2 N肥处理为最高；Cd、Hg、Cr和Mn元素含量均以常规施肥处理为最高；Cu除籽粒外，以纯废水处理（基肥施入处理废水90 m3·hm-2、穗期施入处理废水120 m3·hm-2，不施入肥料）为最高；Zn除拔节期外，基肥施入处理废水90 m3·hm-2，穗期施入处理废水120 m3·hm-2配施187.5 kg·hm-2处理最高。As、Pb、Mg、Ca、Zn、Fe、Mn和Cu于各生育期在基施处理废水量相同的情况下，均随着穗期处理废水施用量的增加而增加，但是Hg、Cd和Cr与此相反。各处理中水稻籽粒Pb、Cd、Cr、As和Hg的含量均低于相应的污染物限量标准，而水稻植株和籽粒中Zn、Fe、Mn、Ca和Mg营养得到提高，特别是Fe和Ca的含量得到了强化。因此，与常规施肥处理相比，处理废水替代化肥能够提高水稻籽粒中的有益元素含量，同时并未引起重金属元素含量的显著上升，且使Hg、Cd和Cr含量下降。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| With the rapid development of China′s large-scale pig farms, increasing pig slurry is causing serious environmental pollution that in turn threatens the sustainable development of large-scale pig farming. The utilization of pig slurry, a kind source of nutrients, combined by pig farming with cropping is one of the best solutions to this problem. As the utilization of pig slurry in farmlands lacked systematic research, a field experiment was conducted to study the effect of pig slurry on the contents of medium, micro elements and heavy metals elements in rice. The results of the study could provide the scientific basis for efficient rice production that supported large-scale pig farming. The pig slurry used in the experiment contained 1000 mg·L-1 of total nitrogen, 540 mg·L-1 of available nitrogen and 779 mg·L-1.The water quality of pig slurry contains Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr, As, Hg,and the content was 0.246 mg·L-1, 0.577 mg·L-1, 0.041 mg·L-1, <5.0×10-4 mg·L-1, 0.063 mg·L-1, 0.0283 mg·L-1, <5×10-4 mg·L-1 respectively. It conforms to standary for irrigation water quality.The late-maturing middle Japonica rice Huaidao No.5 and pig slurry were adopted in a field experiment to investigate the combined pig slurry and N fertilizers（187.5 kg·hm-2） on six medium, micro elements contents and five heavy elements. The results showed that the contents of Pb, As, Ca, Mg and Fe in rice reached the highest at every growth stage, when combined with the treatment of base fertilizer 90 m3·hm-2 pig sulurry and pannicle fertilizer 120 m3·hm-2 pig sulurry plus 187.5 kg·hm-2 urea . The levels of Cd, Hg, Cr and Mn reached the highest at every growth stage when using conventional fertilization（CK2）. Cu reached the highest value at every growth stage except jointing stage when using pig slurry treatments（M）. Zn reached the highest value at every growth stage except jointing stage, when combined with base fertilizer 90 m3·hm-2 pig slurry, 120 m3·hm-2 and 187.5 kg·hm-2 N fertilizer.As, Pb, Mg, Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu increased with the increasement of pig slurry in heading stage on the basis of identical pig slurry as base fertilizer.Meanwhile, Hg, Cd and Cr reduced with the increasement of pig slurry.The contents of Pb, Cd, Cr, As and Hg in grains of every treatments were lower than the Maximum levels of contaminants in foods（GB 2762—2005）. Meanwhile the pig slurry as basal, panicle fertilizer and compound fertilizer could not only enhance the contents of Zn, Fe, Mn, Ca, Na and Mg, but also reduce the contents of Hg, Cd, Cr. It is concluded that the substitute ferlitizer of pig slurry could partially improve the beneficial elements contents. Moreover, it could not lead to the elevation of heavy metals, whereas, it could reduce the levels of some heavy metals, such as Hg, Cd and Cr. |
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